Desarrollo de estrategia analítica de detección de Fusarium circinatum en muestras de origen forestal mediante técnicas espectroscópicas.
Loading...
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La presente investigación aborda el desarrollo y la validación de metodologías innovadoras para la detección temprana de Fusarium circinatum, hongo fitopatógeno de relevancia mundial en la silvicultura de Pinus radiata. A lo largo del estudio, se caracteriza la complejidad biológica del patógeno y sus interacciones con el hospedero, subrayando la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz para minimizar las pérdidas económicas y ecológicas que ocasiona la enfermedad. Frente a las limitaciones de los métodos convencionales (como el cultivo en medios selectivos o la PCR), se propone la aplicación de técnicas espectroscópicas (NIR, FT-IR, y sistemas hiperespectrales) en combinación con análisis quimiométricos avanzados, demostrando su eficacia para discriminar de manera rápida, no destructiva y altamente sensible la presencia de F. circinatum en muestras de tejido fúngico, sustratos inoculados y plántulas, incluso antes de la aparición de síntomas visibles. El trabajo reveló que, a pesar de la imposibilidad de validar estos procedimientos en viveros forestales por restricciones logísticas y normativas asociadas al patógeno cuarentenario, las pruebas en condiciones controladas confirman su potencial como herramienta diagnóstica de amplio alcance. Asimismo, se destacan las diferencias espectrales observadas en distintos genotipos de P. radiata, lo que sugiere aplicaciones futuras en programas de mejoramiento genético y en la adaptación de estrategias de control. Con estos hallazgos, el estudio sienta las bases para la adopción de métodos espectroscópicos en la sanidad forestal, ofreciendo una alternativa competitiva frente a las técnicas tradicionales y abriendo nuevas posibilidades de gestión preventiva en la industria maderera.
This research addresses the development and validation of innovative methodologies for the early detection of Fusarium circinatum, a globally significant phytopathogen in Pinus radiata silviculture. Throughout the study, the biological complexity of the pathogen and its interactions with the host are characterized, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis to minimize the economic and ecological losses caused by the disease. Given the limitations of conventional methods (such as selective culture media or PCR), this work proposes the application of spectroscopic techniques (NIR, FT-IR, and hyperspectral systems) combined with advanced chemometric analyses, demonstrating their effectiveness in rapidly, non-destructively, and highly sensitively detecting the presence of F. circinatum in fungal tissue, inoculated substrates, and seedlings, even before visible symptoms appear. The study revealed that, despite the inability to validate these procedures in forest nurseries due to logistical and regulatory restrictions associated with the quarantined pathogen, tests conducted under controlled conditions confirm their potential as a powerful diagnostic tool. Furthermore, spectral differences observed among different P. radiata genotypes suggest future applications in genetic improvement programs and the adaptation of control strategies. These findings lay the foundation for the adoption of spectroscopic methods in forest health management, offering a competitive alternative to traditional techniques and opening new possibilities for preventive management in the timber industry.
This research addresses the development and validation of innovative methodologies for the early detection of Fusarium circinatum, a globally significant phytopathogen in Pinus radiata silviculture. Throughout the study, the biological complexity of the pathogen and its interactions with the host are characterized, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis to minimize the economic and ecological losses caused by the disease. Given the limitations of conventional methods (such as selective culture media or PCR), this work proposes the application of spectroscopic techniques (NIR, FT-IR, and hyperspectral systems) combined with advanced chemometric analyses, demonstrating their effectiveness in rapidly, non-destructively, and highly sensitively detecting the presence of F. circinatum in fungal tissue, inoculated substrates, and seedlings, even before visible symptoms appear. The study revealed that, despite the inability to validate these procedures in forest nurseries due to logistical and regulatory restrictions associated with the quarantined pathogen, tests conducted under controlled conditions confirm their potential as a powerful diagnostic tool. Furthermore, spectral differences observed among different P. radiata genotypes suggest future applications in genetic improvement programs and the adaptation of control strategies. These findings lay the foundation for the adoption of spectroscopic methods in forest health management, offering a competitive alternative to traditional techniques and opening new possibilities for preventive management in the timber industry.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias y Tecnología Analítica
Keywords
Hongos fitopatógenos, Pino insigne Enfermedades, Análisis espectral