Comparación de los mecanismos de adaptación en cepas clínicas de helicobacter pylori.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori es una bacteria cosmopolita, con una presencia bastante amplia a lo largo y ancho de Chile, estando presente en todas las regiones. Según reportes, en Chile esta bacteria llega a tener una prevalencia de hasta 73% en adultos asintomáticos, este patógeno está asociado con diversas patologías gástricas, como lo es la gastritis, la enfermedad péptica ulcerosa, adenocarcinoma y linfoma del tejido linfoide asociado a mucosa gástrica, además de ser un patógeno clasificado como factor carcinógeno de clase 1 para el cáncer gástrico.
Sabiendo que en Chile la principal causa de muerte es el cáncer con un total del 28,8% de las muertes producidas el 2019, junto con la prevalencia que posee este patógeno en el país que varía entre 40% y 70%, nos deja con un panorama preocupante para la salud de la población.
De esta situación nace la necesidad de darle un seguimiento a este patógeno, con el objetivo de poseer más información sobre este. De esa forma lograr realizar tratamientos más adecuados a los casos actuales.
Para cumplir esto, debemos tener el conocimiento necesario de cómo actúan los mecanismos de adaptación de esta bacteria y si varían de forma sus mecanismos de adaptación, ya que se ha observado un considerable incremento en su resistencia a los antibióticos, lo que estaría dificultando su correcta erradicación.
Por eso, en el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los mecanismos de adaptación de H. pylori, con el fin de observar si las cepas poseen variabilidad en sus mecanismos adaptativos más efectivos, para eso se evaluó su capacidad de formar biopelículas, su capacidad de cambiar su morfología de bacilar-cocoide, y su capacidad de ingresar a levaduras.
Se observaron variaciones entre las cepas en 2 mecanismos correspondiendo a la capacidad de formación de biopelículas a las 48 horas y a la capacidad de cambiar su morfología a cocoide observándose diferentes proporciones de cocoide a través de los días observando cepas más sensibles al estrés que otras, mientras que en el ingreso a C. albicans sólo una cepa tuvo variaciones en el tiempo de ingreso. Indicando que las cepas si logran presentar variabilidad en sus mecanismos de adaptación, sugiriendo que la variación de estos mecanismos aparenta ser una respuesta con el fin de sobrevivir al estrés ambiental a través del tiempo.
Helicobacter pylori is a cosmopolitan bacterium with a fairly widespread presence throughout Chile, present in all regions. According to reports, this bacterium has a prevalence of up to 73% in asymptomatic adults in Chile. This pathogen is associated with various gastric pathologies, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma of the gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is also classified as a class 1 carcinogen for gastric cancer. Knowing that cancer is the leading cause of death in Chile, accounting for 28.8% of deaths in 2019, along with the prevalence of this pathogen in the country, which varies between 40% and 70%, leaves us with a worrying outlook for the health of the population. This situation creates the need to monitor this pathogen in order to obtain more information. This will allow us to develop more appropriate treatments for current cases. To achieve this, we must have the necessary knowledge of how this bacteria's adaptive mechanisms work and whether these mechanisms vary, as a considerable increase in its resistance to antibiotics has been observed, which could be hindering its successful eradication. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the adaptive mechanisms of H. pylori, in order to observe whether strains exhibit variability in their most effective adaptive mechanisms. To this end, we evaluated their ability to form biofilms, their ability to change their bacillary-coccoid morphology, and their ability to penetrate yeasts. Variations were observed between strains in two mechanisms, corresponding to the ability to form biofilms at 48 hours and the ability to change their morphology to coccoid, observing different proportions of coccoid over the days, observing strains more sensitive to stress than others, while in the entry to C. albicans only one strain had variations in the entry time. Indicating that the strains do manage to present variability in their adaptation mechanisms, suggesting that the variation of these mechanisms appears to be a response in order to survive environmental stress over time.
Helicobacter pylori is a cosmopolitan bacterium with a fairly widespread presence throughout Chile, present in all regions. According to reports, this bacterium has a prevalence of up to 73% in asymptomatic adults in Chile. This pathogen is associated with various gastric pathologies, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma of the gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is also classified as a class 1 carcinogen for gastric cancer. Knowing that cancer is the leading cause of death in Chile, accounting for 28.8% of deaths in 2019, along with the prevalence of this pathogen in the country, which varies between 40% and 70%, leaves us with a worrying outlook for the health of the population. This situation creates the need to monitor this pathogen in order to obtain more information. This will allow us to develop more appropriate treatments for current cases. To achieve this, we must have the necessary knowledge of how this bacteria's adaptive mechanisms work and whether these mechanisms vary, as a considerable increase in its resistance to antibiotics has been observed, which could be hindering its successful eradication. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the adaptive mechanisms of H. pylori, in order to observe whether strains exhibit variability in their most effective adaptive mechanisms. To this end, we evaluated their ability to form biofilms, their ability to change their bacillary-coccoid morphology, and their ability to penetrate yeasts. Variations were observed between strains in two mechanisms, corresponding to the ability to form biofilms at 48 hours and the ability to change their morphology to coccoid, observing different proportions of coccoid over the days, observing strains more sensitive to stress than others, while in the entry to C. albicans only one strain had variations in the entry time. Indicating that the strains do manage to present variability in their adaptation mechanisms, suggesting that the variation of these mechanisms appears to be a response in order to survive environmental stress over time.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Biólogo/a.
Keywords
Helicobacter pylori, Adaptación (Biología), Cáncer gástrico