Respuesta sobre las Propiedades del Suelo, Características Fisiológicas, Enzimas Antioxidantes y síntesis de compuestos fenólicos en distintos cultivos bajo Condiciones de Riego Deficitario
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La agricultura constituye uno de los procesos más relevantes a nivel global, no solo por su rol fundamental en la alimentación de la población, sino también por su impacto en el mantenimiento de un equilibrio ecosistémico. Actualmente, este sector enfrenta diversas adversidades, como el incremento en los costos de los agroinsumos y la escasez de ciertos recursos esenciales.
En este contexto, el cambio climático ha emergido como un tema central en el ámbito agrícola, dada su capacidad de impactar indiscriminadamente a nivel global, independientemente de la ubicación geográfica, el nivel socioeconómico o el grado de desarrollo de los países. Chile, reconocido por su marcada diversidad climática, ha sufrido de manera significativa las consecuencias de este fenómeno. Entre los efectos más notorios destacan lluvias excesivas en invierno o, en contraste, la ausencia total de precipitaciones en la estación estival. Desde 2010, el país experimentó un período prolongado de déficit hídrico, conocido como megasequía, que se extendió por más de una década.
Este evento afectó especialmente a la zona centro-sur de Chile, una región clave para la producción frutícola. Estos eventos climáticos tienen un impacto significativo en los productores agrícolas, quienes se ven obligados a realizar mayores inversiones para garantizar la continuidad de sus cultivos y minimizar las pérdidas. Por ello, resulta fundamental comprender cómo los déficits hídricos afectan a los cultivos y desarrollar estrategias para mitigar sus consecuencias.
Agriculture is one of the most important processes at the global level, not only because of its fundamental role in feeding the population, but also because of its impact on the maintenance of an ecosystemic balance. The sector is currently facing several challenges, such as the rising cost of agro-inputs and the scarcity of certain essential resources. In this context, climate change has emerged as a central issue in the agricultural sector, given its capacity to have an indiscriminate global impact, regardless of the geographical location, socioeconomic level or degree of development of the countries. Chile, known for its marked climatic diversity, has suffered significantly from the consequences of this phenomenon. Among the most notorious effects are excessive rainfall in winter or, in contrast, the total absence of precipitation in this season. Since 2010, the country experienced a prolonged period of water deficit, known as the “megadrought”, which lasted for more than a decade. This event especially affected south-central Chile, a key region for fruit production. These climatic events have a significant impact on agricultural producers, who are forced to make greater investments to ensure the continuity of their crops and minimize losses. It is therefore essential to understand how water deficits affect crops and to develop strategies to mitigate their consequences. Water scarcity induces stress in plants, a phenomenon that, in many cases, manifests itself visually in advanced stages, making it difficult to implement corrective measures in a timely manner. This water stress can influence multiple physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. Therefore, it is crucial to establish constant monitoring systems to assess the degree to which crops are affected, identifying key parameters to determine their water and physiological status accurately and in real time.
Agriculture is one of the most important processes at the global level, not only because of its fundamental role in feeding the population, but also because of its impact on the maintenance of an ecosystemic balance. The sector is currently facing several challenges, such as the rising cost of agro-inputs and the scarcity of certain essential resources. In this context, climate change has emerged as a central issue in the agricultural sector, given its capacity to have an indiscriminate global impact, regardless of the geographical location, socioeconomic level or degree of development of the countries. Chile, known for its marked climatic diversity, has suffered significantly from the consequences of this phenomenon. Among the most notorious effects are excessive rainfall in winter or, in contrast, the total absence of precipitation in this season. Since 2010, the country experienced a prolonged period of water deficit, known as the “megadrought”, which lasted for more than a decade. This event especially affected south-central Chile, a key region for fruit production. These climatic events have a significant impact on agricultural producers, who are forced to make greater investments to ensure the continuity of their crops and minimize losses. It is therefore essential to understand how water deficits affect crops and to develop strategies to mitigate their consequences. Water scarcity induces stress in plants, a phenomenon that, in many cases, manifests itself visually in advanced stages, making it difficult to implement corrective measures in a timely manner. This water stress can influence multiple physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. Therefore, it is crucial to establish constant monitoring systems to assess the degree to which crops are affected, identifying key parameters to determine their water and physiological status accurately and in real time.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agronómicas
Keywords
Riego, Propiedades del suelo - Chile, Cambio climático