Extractos de plantas para el control de Staphyloccocus Aerus y Salmonella Spp. resistentes a antibióticos
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Existen enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETAs), causadas por bacterias que pueden afectar tanto a animales como a humanos. Dentro de estas bacterias está Staphylococcus aureus y Salmonella spp., las cuales pueden adquirir resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM), dificultando su control y propagación en la cadena productiva de alimentos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas frente a Staphylococcus aureus y Salmonella spp. resistentes a antibióticos, aisladas en la cadena productiva avícola. Tras recolectar 356 muestras de gallinas y pollos de carne, carne de pollo y huevos, se confirmó la presencia de ambas bacterias mediante cultivo selectivo y PCR. Se determinó la diversidad genética de las cepas aisladas a través de ERIC-fingerprinting, seleccionando una cepa de cada cluster. Las cepas seleccionadas fueron sometidas a análisis de susceptibilidad a antibióticos y a extractos de plantas (aceite esencial de orégano, extracto de orujo de uva y extracto de cáscara de castaña) mediante el método de difusión en disco. Se encontró una prevalencia del 13.64% para S. aureus y del 6.53% para Salmonella spp. en la cadena productiva avícola, con la identificación de cepas multirresistentes a antibióticos en ambos casos. Se observó que el aceite esencial de orégano y el extracto de cáscara de castaña exhibieron una actividad antibacteriana contra ambas especies, mientras que el extracto de orujo de uva no demostró efecto inhibitorio. Por lo tanto, el aceite esencial de orégano y el extracto de cáscara de castaña podrían ser alternativas para controlar cepas resistentes a antibióticos en la cadena de productiva de carne de aves y huevos.
There are foodborne diseases caused by bacteria that can affect both animals and humans. These bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp, which can acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR), making their control and spread in the food production chain difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. isolated in the poultry production chain. After collecting 356 samples of broilers, chicken meat and eggs, the presence of both bacteria was confirmed by selective culture and PCR. The genetic diversity of the isolated strains was determined by ERIC fingerprinting, with one strain selected from each cluster. The selected strains were subjected to susceptibility analysis to antibiotics and plant extracts (oregano essential oil, grape pomace extract and chestnut shell extract) using the disc diffusion method. A prevalence of 13.64% was found for S. aureus and 6.53% for Salmonella spp. in the poultry production chain, with the identification of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains in both cases. It was observed that oregano essential oil and chestnut shell extract showed antibacterial activity against both species, while grape pomace extract did not show any inhibitory effect. Therefore, oregano essential oil and chestnut shell extract could be alternatives to control antibiotic resistant strains in the poultry meat and egg production chain.
There are foodborne diseases caused by bacteria that can affect both animals and humans. These bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp, which can acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR), making their control and spread in the food production chain difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. isolated in the poultry production chain. After collecting 356 samples of broilers, chicken meat and eggs, the presence of both bacteria was confirmed by selective culture and PCR. The genetic diversity of the isolated strains was determined by ERIC fingerprinting, with one strain selected from each cluster. The selected strains were subjected to susceptibility analysis to antibiotics and plant extracts (oregano essential oil, grape pomace extract and chestnut shell extract) using the disc diffusion method. A prevalence of 13.64% was found for S. aureus and 6.53% for Salmonella spp. in the poultry production chain, with the identification of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains in both cases. It was observed that oregano essential oil and chestnut shell extract showed antibacterial activity against both species, while grape pomace extract did not show any inhibitory effect. Therefore, oregano essential oil and chestnut shell extract could be alternatives to control antibiotic resistant strains in the poultry meat and egg production chain.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agronómicas
Keywords
Salmonella, Estafilococos, Antibióticos en agricultura