Uso y valor del tiempo para grupos heterogéneos de participación en actividades y restricciones de tiempo.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En este trabajo se estudian los modelos microeconómicos de uso del tiempo con tiempo gastos comprometidos; y se abordan sus limitaciones actuales respecto a sus restricciones de tiempo, las que suelen asumirse comunes para todos los individuos, quienes participan del mismo conjunto de actividades. Las diferencias de preferencias entre personas hacen que la formulación endógena de restricciones técnicas para el mínimo tiempo asignado a actividades (tiempo comprometido) y la selección de conjuntos de actividades a realiza una necesidad para entender el panorama completo de la asignación del tiempo. Se propone un enfoque de clases latentes confirmatorias para la segmentación endógena de individuos con el fin de modelar diferentes comportamientos en actividades restringidas y participación en actividades bajo un enfoque probabilístico. Se realizaron estimaciones empíricas utilizando datos nacionales recogidos en 2015 en dos encuestas en Chile que se fusionaron estadísticamente para generar un conjunto de datos de uso del tiempo y gastos. Se obtuvieron resultados que muestran diferentes patrones para las restricciones de tiempo, que no pueden generalizarse en un único segmento y que pasar por alto la variabilidad en las restricciones de tiempo puede conducir a resultados sesgados sobre las preferencias y los valores del tiempo. En cuanto a los patrones de participación en actividades, los resultados muestran factores centrales basados en variables socioeconómicas que pueden afectar a la probabilidad de realizar un conjunto determinado de actividades en un ciclo de tiempo semanal. Ambos modelos muestran diferentes tasas de sustitución entre el tiempo comprometido (incluido el transporte) y el trabajo. Las conclusiones sugieren la importancia de realizar más estudios sobre las limitaciones de tiempo y su variación no sólo entre individuos, sino que también entre distintos momentos del tiempo. Además, resalta la relevancia de estudiar los factores que subyacen a los conjuntos de participación en actividades.
This work revisits microeconomic time-use models with committed time and committed activities, and address their current limitations regarding time constraints, which are often assumed to be common to all individuals, who participate on the same set of activities. The differences on preferences between individuals make the formulation of endogenous technical constraints for minimum time assigned to activities (committed activities) and the selection of activity participation sets a necessity to understand the whole picture of time allocation. A confirmatory latent classes approach is proposed for the endogenous segmentation of individuals to model different behaviours on committed time and activity participation under a probabilistic approach. Empirical estimations were conducted using nationwide data collected in 2015 in two surveys in Chile which were statistically merged to generate a time-use and expenditures dataset. Results were obtained showing different patterns for time constraints, which cannot be generalized into only one unique segment and that overlooking the variability on time constraints may lead to biased results on preferences and values of time. On the activity participation patterns, results show deciding factors based on socioeconomic variables that may affect the probability of performing a determined set of activities in a weekly time cycle. Both models show different rates of substitution between committed time (including transportation) and work. The conclusions suggest the importance of do further studies on time constraints and their variation not only between individuals but also moments of time and the relevance of studying the factors behind activity participation sets.
This work revisits microeconomic time-use models with committed time and committed activities, and address their current limitations regarding time constraints, which are often assumed to be common to all individuals, who participate on the same set of activities. The differences on preferences between individuals make the formulation of endogenous technical constraints for minimum time assigned to activities (committed activities) and the selection of activity participation sets a necessity to understand the whole picture of time allocation. A confirmatory latent classes approach is proposed for the endogenous segmentation of individuals to model different behaviours on committed time and activity participation under a probabilistic approach. Empirical estimations were conducted using nationwide data collected in 2015 in two surveys in Chile which were statistically merged to generate a time-use and expenditures dataset. Results were obtained showing different patterns for time constraints, which cannot be generalized into only one unique segment and that overlooking the variability on time constraints may lead to biased results on preferences and values of time. On the activity participation patterns, results show deciding factors based on socioeconomic variables that may affect the probability of performing a determined set of activities in a weekly time cycle. Both models show different rates of substitution between committed time (including transportation) and work. The conclusions suggest the importance of do further studies on time constraints and their variation not only between individuals but also moments of time and the relevance of studying the factors behind activity participation sets.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ingeniería Industrial
Keywords
Administración del tiempo, Percepción del tiempo, Valor (Economía)