Susceptibilidad de abejas (Apis mellifera L.) a insecticidas naturales
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Date
2024
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), es uno de los polinizadores más importantes de los cultivos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años las densidades poblacionales de este insecto han disminuido debido a un fenómeno conocido como Síndrome del Colapso de las Colonias (SCC). El uso irracional de plaguicidas, entre otros factores, es considerado una de las causas del SCC. Sin embargo, la investigación en esta área se ha focalizado en los insecticidas sintéticos. Por tanto, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar formulaciones comerciales de uso agrícola de Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, virus de la polidrosis nuclear de de Mamestra brassicae L. (NPVs), azadiractina (Neem), piretrinas y abamectina contra A. mellifera. En los bioensayos de contacto e ingestión la mayor toxicidad se obtuvo con abamectina con 100% de mortalidad en su dosis comercial. Las piretrinas en su dosis comercial (45 mg L-1) presentaron una mortalidad de 53,2% mientras que NPVs no mostró mortalidad incluso aumentando la dosis 64 veces. En los bioensayos de repelencia aunque las abejas exhibieron una mayor preferencia por el testigo que por la dieta tratada no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos lo que indicaría que las abejas hicieron una elección al azar más que por alguna influencia del tipo de dieta. Se concluye que abamectina y las piretrinas son las más tóxicas contra abejas en su dosis comerciales y subletales tanto por contacto como ingestión.
The Apis mellifera L. is an important pollinator for numerous crops. However, in recent years, population density has declined due to a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). The irrational use of pesticides, among other factors, is considered one of the causes of CCD. However, research in this area tends to focus primarily on synthetic insecticides. Hence, this research aimed to assess the toxicity of commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, nuclear multiple polyhedrosis virus of Mamestra brassicae L. (NPVs), azadirachtin (Neem), pyrethrins, and abamectin for agricultural use against A. mellifera. In contact and ingestion bioassays, the highest toxicity was obtained with abamectin with100% mortality at its commercial dosage. Pyrethrins in their commercial dose (45 mg L-1) showed a mortality of 53.2%, while NPVs did not cause mortality at the commercial dosage, so we increased it 64 times. In repellency bioassays, although untreated bees exhibited a higher preference for control than treated diet, no significant differences between treatments were observed, indicating that the insects made their choice randomly rather than being influenced by the type of diet. We concluded that abamectin and pyrethrins are the most harmful to bees than NPVs, Neem, and B. thuringiensis, both in commercial and sublethal doses, by contact and ingestion toxicity.
The Apis mellifera L. is an important pollinator for numerous crops. However, in recent years, population density has declined due to a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). The irrational use of pesticides, among other factors, is considered one of the causes of CCD. However, research in this area tends to focus primarily on synthetic insecticides. Hence, this research aimed to assess the toxicity of commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, nuclear multiple polyhedrosis virus of Mamestra brassicae L. (NPVs), azadirachtin (Neem), pyrethrins, and abamectin for agricultural use against A. mellifera. In contact and ingestion bioassays, the highest toxicity was obtained with abamectin with100% mortality at its commercial dosage. Pyrethrins in their commercial dose (45 mg L-1) showed a mortality of 53.2%, while NPVs did not cause mortality at the commercial dosage, so we increased it 64 times. In repellency bioassays, although untreated bees exhibited a higher preference for control than treated diet, no significant differences between treatments were observed, indicating that the insects made their choice randomly rather than being influenced by the type of diet. We concluded that abamectin and pyrethrins are the most harmful to bees than NPVs, Neem, and B. thuringiensis, both in commercial and sublethal doses, by contact and ingestion toxicity.
Description
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agronómicas
Keywords
Apis Mellifera, Insecticidas - Toxicidad, Abejas - Enfermedades - Chile