Ontologías campesinas y su transmisión generacional en familias del Valle del Itata: Hacia la conservación del bien común vitivinícola.
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Date
2026
Journal Title
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Esta investigación busca analizar la persistencia de la vitivinicultura campesina en el Valle del Itata, Chile, a partir de la hipótesis de que existen ontologías campesinas que han permitido y permiten su transmisión generacional. El estudio intenta responder una pregunta central ¿qué es lo que se mantiene cuando se mantiene la vitivinicultura campesina? A partir de esta interrogante, se busca comprender cómo las formas de habitar, producir y relacionarse con la tierra, la familia y el territorio influyen en la continuidad de las prácticas vitivinícolas y en la preservación de un bien común construido históricamente por generaciones de familias campesinas. Por otra parte, la revisión histórica y etnográfica permite identificar una particularidad de este territorio de Chile, donde los procesos de colonización, las disputas entre campesinos e indígenas y la Reforma Agraria contribuyeron a configurar una clase campesina y una relación ontológica particular con el territorio. La investigación se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo, etnográficos, se realizaron entrevistas a viñateros y viñateras con diferentes trayectorias generacionales y productivas, la selección de participantes se realizó mediante un muestreo por conveniencia de informantes clave, considerando la vinculación familiar previa de la investigadora con el campo de estudio y sus redes territoriales. Asimismo, los resultados muestran que la transmisión generacional no supone una reproducción inalterada de las prácticas. Las nuevas generaciones incorporan innovaciones productivas, mientras persisten saberes, relaciones familiares y sentidos de pertenencia vinculados al territorio. En este proceso adquiere relevancia el retorno campesino de hijos, hijas y descendientes de familias que experimentaron procesos de migración y urbanización, quienes regresan no solo para producir vino, sino también en búsqueda de una forma de vida asociada a la tranquilidad, la autonomía y los ritmos propios del campo.
Se concluye que la continuidad de la vitivinicultura campesina del Valle del Itata se explica por la pervivencia y capacidad de reconfiguración de una forma particular de habitar el territorio. La producción de vino constituye la materialización de un sistema más amplio de relaciones, saberes, memorias y prácticas familiares y comunitarias que han logrado mantenerse y transformarse entre generaciones. Así, la pervivencia de la vitivinicultura campesina no da cuenta únicamente de la continuidad de una actividad productiva, sino de una forma de vida que encuentra en la familia, la tierra, la viña y el territorio los elementos que permiten su reproducción en el tiempo.
This research seeks to analyze the persistence of peasant viticulture in the Itata Valley, Chile, based on the hypothesis that peasant ontologies exist that have enabled, and continue to enable, its intergenerational transmission. The study seeks to answer a central question: What is maintained when peasant viticulture is maintained? Based on this question, the research aims to understand how ways of inhabiting, producing, and relating to the land, family, and territory influence the continuity of viticultural practices and the preservation of a common good historically constructed by generations of peasant families. Furthermore, the historical and ethnographic review makes it possible to identify a particular feature of this Chilean territory, where processes of colonization, disputes between peasants and Indigenous peoples, and the Agrarian Reform contributed to shaping a peasant class and a particular ontological relationship with the territory. The research was conducted using a qualitative and ethnographic approach. Interviews were carried out with male and female winegrowers with different generational and productive trajectories. Participants were selected through convenience sampling of key vi informants, taking into account the researcher’s prior family ties to the field of study and her territorial networks. The results also show that intergenerational transmission does not imply the unchanged reproduction of practices. New generations incorporate productive innovations, while knowledge, family relationships, and senses of belonging linked to the territory persist. In this process, the return to rural life of sons, daughters, and descendants of families who experienced migration and urbanization processes becomes particularly relevant. They return not only to produce wine, but also in search of a way of life associated with tranquility, autonomy, and the rhythms of rural life. The study concludes that the continuity of peasant viticulture in the Itata Valley can be explained by the persistence and capacity for reconfiguration of a particular way of inhabiting the territory. Wine production constitutes the materialization of a broader system of relationships, knowledge, memories, and family and community practices that have managed to persist and transform across generations. Thus, the persistence of peasant viticulture reflects not only the continuity of a productive activity, but also a way of life that finds in family, land, vineyards, and territory the elements that enable its reproduction over time.
This research seeks to analyze the persistence of peasant viticulture in the Itata Valley, Chile, based on the hypothesis that peasant ontologies exist that have enabled, and continue to enable, its intergenerational transmission. The study seeks to answer a central question: What is maintained when peasant viticulture is maintained? Based on this question, the research aims to understand how ways of inhabiting, producing, and relating to the land, family, and territory influence the continuity of viticultural practices and the preservation of a common good historically constructed by generations of peasant families. Furthermore, the historical and ethnographic review makes it possible to identify a particular feature of this Chilean territory, where processes of colonization, disputes between peasants and Indigenous peoples, and the Agrarian Reform contributed to shaping a peasant class and a particular ontological relationship with the territory. The research was conducted using a qualitative and ethnographic approach. Interviews were carried out with male and female winegrowers with different generational and productive trajectories. Participants were selected through convenience sampling of key vi informants, taking into account the researcher’s prior family ties to the field of study and her territorial networks. The results also show that intergenerational transmission does not imply the unchanged reproduction of practices. New generations incorporate productive innovations, while knowledge, family relationships, and senses of belonging linked to the territory persist. In this process, the return to rural life of sons, daughters, and descendants of families who experienced migration and urbanization processes becomes particularly relevant. They return not only to produce wine, but also in search of a way of life associated with tranquility, autonomy, and the rhythms of rural life. The study concludes that the continuity of peasant viticulture in the Itata Valley can be explained by the persistence and capacity for reconfiguration of a particular way of inhabiting the territory. Wine production constitutes the materialization of a broader system of relationships, knowledge, memories, and family and community practices that have managed to persist and transform across generations. Thus, the persistence of peasant viticulture reflects not only the continuity of a productive activity, but also a way of life that finds in family, land, vineyards, and territory the elements that enable its reproduction over time.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Investigación Social y Desarrollo.
Keywords
Vitivinicultura, Campesinos, Tradición, Cognición y cultura