Impacto de las propiedades agronómicas del suelo de enmiendas carbonosas co-pirolizadas con plástico
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El mal manejo de los residuos agrícolas, tanto lignocelulósos como plásticos, genera contaminación ambiental y afecta negativamente la calidad del suelo limitando la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas. Este estudio evaluó los impactos agronómicos y ambientales de enmiendas carbonosas producidas mediante la co-pirólisis de residuos lignocelulósicos (avellano y trigo) con desechos plásticos en un Andisol. Las enmiendas biocarbón y plasticarbón, aplicadas en dosis de 1% y 5%, se analizaron por su influencia en las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo, la actividad enzimática y el rendimiento de lechuga (Lactuca sativa var. Sierra). Los resultados mostraron que la disponibilidad de agua para las plantas aumentó significativamente con las enmiendas carbonosas, especialmente con el biocarbón. Sin embargo, la actividad enzimática disminuyó en todos los tratamientos por posibles causas como la competencia por el agua con las plantas o la misma adsorción de enzimas por el biocarbón, todos los tratamientos incrementaron el contenido de carbono total, el pH y la disponibilidad de fósforo en el suelo. El rendimiento de lechuga estuvo positivamente asociado a estas mejoras en las propiedades del suelo, provocadas por las enmiendas carbonosas, destacando el potencial del biocarbón y plasticarbón sobre la productividad agrícola y la funcionalidad del suelo.
The mismanagement of agricultural residues, both lignocellulosic and plastic leads to environmental pollution and negatively affects soil quality, thereby limiting the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study evaluated the agronomic and environmental impacts of carbonaceous amendments produced through the co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic residues (hazelnut and wheat) with plastic waste in an Andisol, the amendments, applied as biocarbón and plasticchar at doses of 1% and 5, were analyzed for their influence on soil physical and chemical properties, enzymatic activity and lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Sierra) yield. The results showed that plant-available water significantly increased with carbonaceous amendments, particularly with biocarbón. However, enzymatic activity decreased across all treatments, potentially due to competition for water with plants or enzyme adsorption by biocarbón. All treatments increased total carbon content, soil pH, and phosphorus availability. Lettuce yield was positively associated with these improvements in soil properties induced by carbonaceous amendments, highlighting the potential of biocarbón and plastic-char to enhance agricultural productivity and soil functionality.
The mismanagement of agricultural residues, both lignocellulosic and plastic leads to environmental pollution and negatively affects soil quality, thereby limiting the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study evaluated the agronomic and environmental impacts of carbonaceous amendments produced through the co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic residues (hazelnut and wheat) with plastic waste in an Andisol, the amendments, applied as biocarbón and plasticchar at doses of 1% and 5, were analyzed for their influence on soil physical and chemical properties, enzymatic activity and lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Sierra) yield. The results showed that plant-available water significantly increased with carbonaceous amendments, particularly with biocarbón. However, enzymatic activity decreased across all treatments, potentially due to competition for water with plants or enzyme adsorption by biocarbón. All treatments increased total carbon content, soil pH, and phosphorus availability. Lettuce yield was positively associated with these improvements in soil properties induced by carbonaceous amendments, highlighting the potential of biocarbón and plastic-char to enhance agricultural productivity and soil functionality.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agronómicas
Keywords
Polietileno, Residuos agrícolas, Poda Chile