Implementación de un pilar contributivo a cargo del empleador en Chile: impacto en el empleo en microemprendimientos.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Este estudio investiga el impacto de la implementación de un pilar contributivo adicional a cargo del empleador en el nivel de empleo en microemprendimientos chilenos, considerando que estas empresas son fundamentales para el desarrollo económico y la reducción de la pobreza. Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta de Microemprendimiento 2022, la cual incluyó a 2,415 participantes, y se aplicó un modelo de regresión log-lineal para estimar la elasticidad precio de la demanda laboral, indicando que un aumento en los costos laborales se asocia a una disminución en la demanda de trabajo.
Los resultados evidencian que, con un incremento del pilar contributivo, los microemprendimientos se vuelven más sensibles a los cambios en los costos laborales, lo que puede llevar a una reducción de la contratación. Además, se identificó que variables como el salario, el nivel educativo y la región influyen significativamente en la determinación del empleo y los salarios en este sector. Por otra parte, se observó que existe un impacto negativo en las tasas de empleo, ya que costos adicionales pueden llevar a las empresas a reducir su número de trabajadores.
En conclusión, la implementación de un pilar contributivo debe analizarse con precaución, buscando un equilibrio entre la seguridad social de los trabajadores y la viabilidad económica de los microemprendimientos, puntos clave para lograr un crecimiento sostenible y equitativo en el país.
This study examines the impact of the introduction of an additional employer-funded contribution pillar on employment levels in Chilean microenterprises, considering that these enterprises are fundamental for economic development and poverty reduction. Using data from the 2022 Microenterprise Survey, which included 2,415 participants, a log-linear regression model was applied to estimate the price elasticity of labor demand, indicating that an increase in labor costs is associated with a decrease in labor demand. The results show that as the contribution pillar increases, microenterprises become more sensitive to changes in labor costs, which may lead to a reduction in hiring. In addition, it was found that variables such as wage, education level, and region significantly influence employment and wage determination in this sector. Furthermore, it was observed that there is a negative impact on employment rates, as additional costs may lead companies to reduce the number of employees. In conclusion, the implementation of a contributory pillar should be analyzed with caution, seeking a balance between the social security of workers and the economic viability of microenterprises, which are key points for achieving sustainable and equitable growth in the country.
This study examines the impact of the introduction of an additional employer-funded contribution pillar on employment levels in Chilean microenterprises, considering that these enterprises are fundamental for economic development and poverty reduction. Using data from the 2022 Microenterprise Survey, which included 2,415 participants, a log-linear regression model was applied to estimate the price elasticity of labor demand, indicating that an increase in labor costs is associated with a decrease in labor demand. The results show that as the contribution pillar increases, microenterprises become more sensitive to changes in labor costs, which may lead to a reduction in hiring. In addition, it was found that variables such as wage, education level, and region significantly influence employment and wage determination in this sector. Furthermore, it was observed that there is a negative impact on employment rates, as additional costs may lead companies to reduce the number of employees. In conclusion, the implementation of a contributory pillar should be analyzed with caution, seeking a balance between the social security of workers and the economic viability of microenterprises, which are key points for achieving sustainable and equitable growth in the country.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ingeniería Industrial
Keywords
Seguridad social, Política laboral, Pequeñas empresas