Efecto de la disponibilidad de agua y de azufre sobre las características agronómicas, actividad antioxidante y aminoácidos azufrados de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
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Date
2024
Journal Title
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Una forma de afrontar los retos del cambio climático es conocer la capacidad de adaptación de los cultivos a diferentes ambientes edafoclimáticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la disponibilidad de agua y de azufre en las características agronómicas, actividad antioxidante y aminoácidos azufrados de la quinoa. El ensayo se realizó en macetas con sustrato de la serie Santa Bárbara, al aire libre durante 2019/20 y 2020/21. El diseño fue de bloques divididos de dos factores, disponibilidad de agua (WA) de 25%, 50% y 100% en la etapa de llenado de grano y disponibilidad de azufre (SA) en concentraciones de 8, 12 y 20 ppm en el cultivo.
En las características agronómicas y productivas no existió interacción significativa (p˃0,05) entre los factores (WA*SA). En el análisis individual, la menor WA (25%) disminuyó significativamente (p≤0,05) el rendimiento y la altura, mientras que, la mayor fertilización de azufre aumentó significativamente (p≤0,05) la altura, la longitud de la panoja, peso mil semillas y el rendimiento. En antioxidantes, el contenido de fenoles totales (TPC) y flavonoides (TFC) presentaron diferencias significativas (p≤0,05) entre los tratamientos de 100% y 25% WA. En tanto, SA ejerció diferencias significativas (p≤0,05) entre 8 y 20 ppm en los ensayos de TPC y el poder antioxidante reductor del ión férrico (FRAP). La interacción WA*SA generó diferencias significativas (p≤0,05) en los TFC y la capacidad antioxidante del radical oxígeno (ORAC) en la segunda temporada. Al correlacionar los resultados de cantidad y capacidad antioxidante, sólo en 2019/2020 existió una correlación válida de los resultados entre TPC y FRAP. En ambas temporadas, la interacción WA*SA no generó diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en las proteínas y en los aminoácidos
azufrados. En proteínas, individualmente WA y SA, presentaron diferencias
significativas (p≤0,05) entre 25 y 100%, así como, entre 8 y 20 ppm, respectivamente. En los aminoácidos azufrados, metionina evidenció diferencias significativas (p≤0,05) con 12 ppm de SA en la primera temporada.
One way to face the challenges of climate change is to know the adaptation capacity of crops to different edaphoclimatic environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water and sulfur availability on the agronomic characteristics, antioxidant activity and sulfur amino acids of quinoa. The test was carried out in pots with Santa Barbara series substrate, outdoors during 2019/20 and 2020/21. The design was a two-factor split block design, water availability (WA) of 25%, 50% and 100% in the grain filling stage and sulfur availability (SA) at concentrations of 8, 12 and 20 ppm in the crop. For agronomic and productive characteristics, there was no significant interaction (p˃0.05) between the factors (WA*SA). In the individual analysis, the lowest WA (25%) significantly decreased (p≤0.05) the yield and height of the plant, while the highest sulfur fertilization significantly increased (p≤0.05) the height, panicle length, thousand seed weight and yield. In antioxidants, the content of total phenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) presented significant differences (p≤0.05) between the 100% and 25% WA treatments. Meanwhile, SA exerted significant differences (p≤0.05) between 8 and 20 ppm in the TPC and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. The WA*SA interaction generated significant differences (p≤0.05) in TFC and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in the second season. When correlating the results of quantity and antioxidant capacity, only in 2019/2020 was there a valid correlation of the results between TPC and FRAP. In both seasons, the WA*SA interaction did not generate significant differences (p>0.05) in proteins and sulfur amino acids. In proteins, individually WA and SA, presented significant differences (p≤0.05) between 25 and 100%, as well as between 8 and 20 ppm, respectively. In the sulfur amino acids, methionine showed significant differences (p≤0.05) with 12 ppm of SA in the first season.
One way to face the challenges of climate change is to know the adaptation capacity of crops to different edaphoclimatic environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water and sulfur availability on the agronomic characteristics, antioxidant activity and sulfur amino acids of quinoa. The test was carried out in pots with Santa Barbara series substrate, outdoors during 2019/20 and 2020/21. The design was a two-factor split block design, water availability (WA) of 25%, 50% and 100% in the grain filling stage and sulfur availability (SA) at concentrations of 8, 12 and 20 ppm in the crop. For agronomic and productive characteristics, there was no significant interaction (p˃0.05) between the factors (WA*SA). In the individual analysis, the lowest WA (25%) significantly decreased (p≤0.05) the yield and height of the plant, while the highest sulfur fertilization significantly increased (p≤0.05) the height, panicle length, thousand seed weight and yield. In antioxidants, the content of total phenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) presented significant differences (p≤0.05) between the 100% and 25% WA treatments. Meanwhile, SA exerted significant differences (p≤0.05) between 8 and 20 ppm in the TPC and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. The WA*SA interaction generated significant differences (p≤0.05) in TFC and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in the second season. When correlating the results of quantity and antioxidant capacity, only in 2019/2020 was there a valid correlation of the results between TPC and FRAP. In both seasons, the WA*SA interaction did not generate significant differences (p>0.05) in proteins and sulfur amino acids. In proteins, individually WA and SA, presented significant differences (p≤0.05) between 25 and 100%, as well as between 8 and 20 ppm, respectively. In the sulfur amino acids, methionine showed significant differences (p≤0.05) with 12 ppm of SA in the first season.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctora en Ciencias de la Agronomía
Keywords
Chenopodium quinoa, Aminoácidos, Antioxidantes