Rol de la violencia, control coercitivo, desesperanza y estrategias de afrontamiento en la suicidalidad y toma de decisiones de mujeres de Chile y Colombia que experimentan violencia de pareja íntima.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender el rol de la violencia de pareja, el control coercitivo, la desesperanza y las estrategias de afrontamiento en la suicidalidad y la toma de decisiones en mujeres que experimentan violencia de pareja íntima, específicamente en las decisiones de finalizar una relación y de presentar denuncias legales. El estudio contó con la participación de 1.808 mujeres residentes en Chile (n=906) y Colombia (n=902). Las participantes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, junto con las escalas: CTS2 para evaluar la violencia de pareja, CPR para medir el control coercitivo, BHS para desesperanza, Brief COPE para estrategias de afrontamiento y cuestionario de Okasha para suicidalidad.
Mil cuarenta (1.040) participantes reportaron haber experimentado violencia en sus relaciones de pareja en el último año (M=31.0; DE=9.2; 57.52%). Los análisis univariados revelaron que la violencia de pareja y el control coercitivo se asocian con los niveles de desesperanza, el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento, la suicidalidad y la toma de decisiones en las mujeres participantes. Los análisis multivariados, por su parte, mostraron que tener una menor edad, experimentar violencia en la relación de pareja, control coercitivo en la vida pública y la desesperanza se asocian con un aumento en la suicidalidad. En relación con la decisión de finalizar una relación de pareja, se identificó que tener una menor edad, la experiencia de violencia sexual, el control ejercido tanto en el ámbito privado como público, las amenazas y daños, así como un aumento en el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en los problemas y en las emociones aumentan esta decisión. Finalmente, respecto a la decisión de interponer denuncias legales, los resultados indicaron que tener mayor edad, desempeñar un trabajo remunerado o labores domésticas no remuneradas, haber experimentado violencia física y sexual, y el aumento en el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en los problemas y las emociones aumentan la probabilidad de denunciar.
Análisis posteriores revelaron que la desesperanza media la relación entre la violencia de pareja/control coercitivo y la suicidalidad. En relación con las estrategias de afrontamiento, se encontró que aquellas centradas en los problemas aumentan la probabilidad de que las mujeres tomen la decisión de terminar una relación abusiva e interponer denuncias legales. En contraste, las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en las emociones disminuyen la probabilidad de adoptar estas decisiones.
En conclusión, la desesperanza y las estrategias de afrontamiento son procesos psicológicos clave que influyen en el riesgo de suicidalidad y en la toma de decisiones de mujeres que enfrentan violencia de pareja. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de abordar dichas variables en los espacios de intervención con mujeres víctimas de violencia, con el fin de favorecer procesos de empoderamiento y reducción del riesgo.
This study aimed to understand the role of intimate partner violence, coercive control, hopelessness, and coping strategies in suicidality and decision-making among women who experience intimate partner violence, specifically in decisions to end a relationship and file legal complaints. The study included 1,808 women residing in Chile (n=906) and Colombia (n=902). Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, along with the following scales: CTS2 to assess intimate partner violence, CPR to measure coercive control, BHS for hopelessness, Brief COPE for coping strategies, and Okasha questionnaire for suicidality. One thousand and forty (1.040) participants reported having experienced violence in their intimate partner relationships in the past year (M=31.0; SD=9.2; 57.52%). Univariate analyses revealed that intimate partner violence and coercive control were associated with levels of hopelessness, the use of coping strategies, suicidality, and decision-making in the participating women. Multivariate analyses, meanwhile, showed that being younger, experiencing intimate partner violence, coercive control in public life, and hopelessness were associated with increased suicidality. Regarding the decision to end a relationship, it was identified that being younger, experiencing sexual violence, experiencing control in both the private and public spheres, threats and harm, as well as an increased use of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies all increase this decision. Finally, regarding the decision to file legal complaints, the results indicated that being older, having paid or unpaid domestic work, having experienced physical and sexual violence, and an increased use of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies increased the likelihood of reporting. Further analysis revealed that hopelessness mediates the relationship between intimate partner violence/coercive control and suicidality. Regarding coping strategies, it was found that problem focused coping strategies increase the likelihood of women deciding to end an abusive relationship and file legal complaints. In contrast, emotion-focused coping strategies decrease the likelihood of making these decisions. In conclusion, hopelessness and coping strategies are key psychological processes that influence the risk of suicidality and the decision-making of women facing intimate partner violence. These findings highlight the importance of addressing these variables in interventions with women victims of violence, in order to promote empowerment and risk reduction.
This study aimed to understand the role of intimate partner violence, coercive control, hopelessness, and coping strategies in suicidality and decision-making among women who experience intimate partner violence, specifically in decisions to end a relationship and file legal complaints. The study included 1,808 women residing in Chile (n=906) and Colombia (n=902). Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, along with the following scales: CTS2 to assess intimate partner violence, CPR to measure coercive control, BHS for hopelessness, Brief COPE for coping strategies, and Okasha questionnaire for suicidality. One thousand and forty (1.040) participants reported having experienced violence in their intimate partner relationships in the past year (M=31.0; SD=9.2; 57.52%). Univariate analyses revealed that intimate partner violence and coercive control were associated with levels of hopelessness, the use of coping strategies, suicidality, and decision-making in the participating women. Multivariate analyses, meanwhile, showed that being younger, experiencing intimate partner violence, coercive control in public life, and hopelessness were associated with increased suicidality. Regarding the decision to end a relationship, it was identified that being younger, experiencing sexual violence, experiencing control in both the private and public spheres, threats and harm, as well as an increased use of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies all increase this decision. Finally, regarding the decision to file legal complaints, the results indicated that being older, having paid or unpaid domestic work, having experienced physical and sexual violence, and an increased use of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies increased the likelihood of reporting. Further analysis revealed that hopelessness mediates the relationship between intimate partner violence/coercive control and suicidality. Regarding coping strategies, it was found that problem focused coping strategies increase the likelihood of women deciding to end an abusive relationship and file legal complaints. In contrast, emotion-focused coping strategies decrease the likelihood of making these decisions. In conclusion, hopelessness and coping strategies are key psychological processes that influence the risk of suicidality and the decision-making of women facing intimate partner violence. These findings highlight the importance of addressing these variables in interventions with women victims of violence, in order to promote empowerment and risk reduction.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor/a en Salud Mental.
Keywords
Violencia de pareja, Suicidio, Salud mental