Supervivencia de empresas en economías emergentes desde una perspectiva de género: efecto de las políticas públicas y los recursos en sectores de alto crecimiento y cleantech.
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral se compone de dos estudios empíricos que analizan la supervivencia de empresas de alto crecimiento en Chile, desde una perspectiva de género. El primer artículo examina si existen diferencias en la probabilidad de permanencia en el mercado entre empresas emergentes lideradas por hombres y mujeres que han recibido apoyo público. A través de un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox aplicado a empresas apoyadas por Corfo, se estima la sobrevivencia —medida como el tiempo hasta el cese de sus actividades—, junto con el efecto del género y del financiamiento inicial. Los resultados muestran que las empresas emergentes lideradas por mujeres presentan tasas de supervivencia más altas que aquellas lideradas por hombres, con una reducción del 42,57 % en el riesgo de fracaso (HR = 0,5743; p < 0,01). Este efecto es estadísticamente significativo al 1 %, equivalente a un nivel de confianza del 99 %. Asimismo, cada aumento del 1 % en el financiamiento recibido se asocia con una reducción del 40,93 % en el riesgo de fracaso empresarial (HR = 0,5907; p < 0,001), efecto estadísticamente significativo al 0,1 %, equivalente a un nivel de confianza del 99,9 %. En consecuencia, los resultados evidencian que tanto el liderazgo femenino como el mayor acceso a financiamiento público reducen significativamente la probabilidad de cese de las empresas emergentes. El segundo artículo profundiza el análisis en el sector cleantech (energías limpias), incorporando un modelo de supervivencia que permite distinguir entre emprendimientos resilientes y vulnerables. En este contexto, se observa que las empresas lideradas por mujeres presentan una mayor probabilidad de fracaso (HR=1,62), evidenciando que las dinámicas de género varían según el sector productivo. El análisis de clúster identifica perfiles diferenciados en función de su dotación de recursos, mientras que la evaluación cuasiexperimental de un programa de aceleración demuestra mejoras significativas en habilidades emprendedoras y autoconfianza mediante la conformación de una Comunidad de Práctica. En conjunto, ambos estudios permiten avanzar desde la identificación de brechas en supervivencia hacia la comprensión de los mecanismos que las explican, integrando el enfoque de género con la Teoría de los Recursos (RBV) y aportando evidencia relevante para el diseño de políticas públicas más equitativas. Esta investigación contribuye a la literatura sobre gestión estratégica al ofrecer evidencia de los efectos positivos de la diversidad de género en el liderazgo y los recursos financieros en la supervivencia de las empresas de alto crecimiento. En el contexto de economías emergentes, se estimó la ventaja que tienen las empresas lideradas por mujeres, sustentándose en la evidencia previa y en la importancia de considerar los diversos patrones de supervivencia empresarial en emprendimientos cleantech. En este marco, se especifican las condiciones bajo las cuales el liderazgo femenino predice la resiliencia empresarial e investigando si intervenciones estructuradas de desarrollo emprendedor modifican variables psicológicas de resiliencia.
This doctoral thesis comprises two empirical studies that examine the survival of high-growth firms in Chile from a gender perspective. The first article examines whether there are differences in the probability of remaining in the market between publicly supported startups led by men and women. Using a Cox proportional hazards model applied to firms supported by Corfo, the study estimates survival—measured as the time until business cessation—together with the effects of gender and initial funding. The results show that women-led startups exhibit higher survival rates than men-led startups, with a 42.57% reduction in the risk of failure (HR = 0.5743; p < 0.01). This effect is statistically significant at the 1% level, corresponding to a 99% confidence level. Likewise, each 1% increase in the amount of funding received is associated with a 40.93% reduction in the risk of business failure (HR = 0.5907; p < 0.001), an effect that is statistically significant at the 0.1% level, corresponding to a 99.9% confidence level. Accordingly, the findings show that both female leadership and greater access to public funding significantly reduce the likelihood of startup cessation. The second article deepens the analysis by focusing on the cleantech sector, incorporating a survival model that distinguishes between resilient and vulnerable ventures. In this context, women-led firms are found to have a higher probability of failure (HR = 1.62), indicating that gender dynamics vary across productive sectors. The cluster analysis identifies differentiated firm profiles according to their resource endowments, while the quasiexperimental evaluation of an acceleration program demonstrates significant improvements in entrepreneurial skills and self-confidence through the formation of a Community of Practice. Taken together, both studies advance the analysis from the identification of survival gaps toward a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that explain them, integrating a gender perspective with the Resource-Based View (RBV) and providing relevant evidence for the design of more equitable public policies. This research contributes to the strategic management literature by offering evidence on the positive effects of gender diversity in leadership and financial resources on the survival of high-growth firms. In the context of emerging economies, the thesis estimates the advantage associated with women-led firms, building on prior evidence and highlighting the importance of considering heterogeneous patterns of business survival in cleantech ventures. Within this framework, the study specifies the conditions under which female leadership predicts entrepreneurial resilience and examines whether structured entrepreneurial development interventions modify psychological variables associated with resilience.
This doctoral thesis comprises two empirical studies that examine the survival of high-growth firms in Chile from a gender perspective. The first article examines whether there are differences in the probability of remaining in the market between publicly supported startups led by men and women. Using a Cox proportional hazards model applied to firms supported by Corfo, the study estimates survival—measured as the time until business cessation—together with the effects of gender and initial funding. The results show that women-led startups exhibit higher survival rates than men-led startups, with a 42.57% reduction in the risk of failure (HR = 0.5743; p < 0.01). This effect is statistically significant at the 1% level, corresponding to a 99% confidence level. Likewise, each 1% increase in the amount of funding received is associated with a 40.93% reduction in the risk of business failure (HR = 0.5907; p < 0.001), an effect that is statistically significant at the 0.1% level, corresponding to a 99.9% confidence level. Accordingly, the findings show that both female leadership and greater access to public funding significantly reduce the likelihood of startup cessation. The second article deepens the analysis by focusing on the cleantech sector, incorporating a survival model that distinguishes between resilient and vulnerable ventures. In this context, women-led firms are found to have a higher probability of failure (HR = 1.62), indicating that gender dynamics vary across productive sectors. The cluster analysis identifies differentiated firm profiles according to their resource endowments, while the quasiexperimental evaluation of an acceleration program demonstrates significant improvements in entrepreneurial skills and self-confidence through the formation of a Community of Practice. Taken together, both studies advance the analysis from the identification of survival gaps toward a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that explain them, integrating a gender perspective with the Resource-Based View (RBV) and providing relevant evidence for the design of more equitable public policies. This research contributes to the strategic management literature by offering evidence on the positive effects of gender diversity in leadership and financial resources on the survival of high-growth firms. In the context of emerging economies, the thesis estimates the advantage associated with women-led firms, building on prior evidence and highlighting the importance of considering heterogeneous patterns of business survival in cleantech ventures. Within this framework, the study specifies the conditions under which female leadership predicts entrepreneurial resilience and examines whether structured entrepreneurial development interventions modify psychological variables associated with resilience.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor/a en Ingeniería Industrial.
Keywords
Empresas, Perspectiva de género, Políticas públicas, Financiamiento de empresas, Tecnologías limpias del carbón