Susceptibilidad varietal y efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre la incidencia de antracnosis en frutos de arándanos causada por Colletotrichum fioriniae (Varietal susceptibility and effect of nitrogen fertilization on the incidence of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on blueberry fruits)
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El impulso de programas de recambio varietal y la reciente identificación de Colletotrichum fioriniae afectando frutos de arándano en Chile, plantean la necesidad de evaluar la susceptibilidad a la antracnosis de nuevos cultivares comerciales y esclarecer la relación entre la severidad de esta enfermedad y la fertilización mineral. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la susceptibilidad varietal y el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre la incidencia de antracnosis en arándanos. Se evaluaron ocho cultivares de arándanos, los cuales fueron fertilizados con cuatro dosis de nitrógeno (0, 0.16, 0.32 y 0.48 g planta día-1). En estado de fruto verde, las plantas fueron inoculadas con C. fioriniae RGM 3330, junto con un control sin patógeno. Los frutos maduros se recolectaron en la cosecha para evaluar la incidencia y severidad de la antracnosis. Además, se inocularon hojas in vitro con C. fioriniae y Botrytis cinerea para evaluar la capacidad de estos hongos de infectar tejidos vegetativos. Los resultados indican que las variedades de cosecha intermedia (‘Duke’, ‘Last Call’ y ‘Legacy’) y tardía (‘Ochlockonee’ y ‘Victoria’) fueron más susceptibles a la antracnosis y que las condiciones ambientales fueron cruciales para la infección de C. fioriniae. La fertilización nitrogenada no mostró un efecto significativo sobre la incidencia y severidad de antracnosis en frutos ni en tejidos vegetativos. En las hojas, la fertilización tuvo un efecto sobre el área necrótica causada por B. cinerea. Estos resultados entregan información relevante para el desarrollo de programas fitosanitarios en arándano para el manejo de C. fioriniae.
The promotion of varietal replacement programs and the recent identification of Colletotrichum fioriniae affecting blueberry fruits in Chile raise the need to evaluate the susceptibility to anthracnose of new commercial cultivars and clarify the relationship between the severity of this disease and mineral fertilization. The objective of this research was to determine varietal susceptibility and the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the incidence of anthracnose in blueberries. Eight blueberry cultivars were evaluated, which were fertilized with four doses of nitrogen (0, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.48 g plant day-1). At the green fruit stage, the plants were inoculated with C. fioriniae RGM 3330, along with a pathogen-free control. Ripe fruits were collected at harvest to evaluate the incidence and severity of anthracnose. Additionally, leaves were inoculated in vitro with C. fioriniae and Botrytis cinerea to evaluate the ability of these fungi to infect vegetative tissues. The results indicate that mid-crop (‘Duke’, ‘Last Call’ and ‘Legacy’) and late-crop varieties (‘Ochlockonee’ and ‘Victoria’) were more susceptible to anthracnose and that environmental conditions were crucial for C. fioriniae infection. Nitrogen fertilization did not show a significant effect on the incidence and severity of anthracnose in fruits or vegetative tissues. In the leaves, fertilization had an effect on the necrotic area caused by B. cinerea. These results provide relevant information for the development of phytosanitary programs in blueberries for the management of C. fioriniae.
The promotion of varietal replacement programs and the recent identification of Colletotrichum fioriniae affecting blueberry fruits in Chile raise the need to evaluate the susceptibility to anthracnose of new commercial cultivars and clarify the relationship between the severity of this disease and mineral fertilization. The objective of this research was to determine varietal susceptibility and the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the incidence of anthracnose in blueberries. Eight blueberry cultivars were evaluated, which were fertilized with four doses of nitrogen (0, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.48 g plant day-1). At the green fruit stage, the plants were inoculated with C. fioriniae RGM 3330, along with a pathogen-free control. Ripe fruits were collected at harvest to evaluate the incidence and severity of anthracnose. Additionally, leaves were inoculated in vitro with C. fioriniae and Botrytis cinerea to evaluate the ability of these fungi to infect vegetative tissues. The results indicate that mid-crop (‘Duke’, ‘Last Call’ and ‘Legacy’) and late-crop varieties (‘Ochlockonee’ and ‘Victoria’) were more susceptible to anthracnose and that environmental conditions were crucial for C. fioriniae infection. Nitrogen fertilization did not show a significant effect on the incidence and severity of anthracnose in fruits or vegetative tissues. In the leaves, fertilization had an effect on the necrotic area caused by B. cinerea. These results provide relevant information for the development of phytosanitary programs in blueberries for the management of C. fioriniae.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agronómicas
Keywords
Arándanos, Fertilización de plantas, Colletotrichum
fioriniae