Estudio para la detección de dislipidemias en niños, niñas y adolescentes usuarios del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la principal causa de mortalidad en Chile y el mundo. Se originan principalmente de la aterosclerosis, proceso patológico, crónico e inflamatorio caracterizado por el depósito de lípidos en la pared arterial. La aterosclerosis comienza en la niñez y progresa en forma gradual y silenciosa hasta expresarse clínicamente en la adultez. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV), como las dislipidemias, son condiciones o patologías que aumentan la probabilidad de sufrir una ECV. Es fundamental diagnosticar y tratar los FRCV en los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA), ya que su control temprano disminuye el riesgo de desarrollar una ECV en la vida adulta. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la presencia de dislipidemias en NNA usuarios del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano (SST) entre los años 2019 y 2021, a partir de una base de datos del Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital Las Higueras. Los parámetros del perfil lipídico se categorizaron en anormal, limítrofe y aceptable y se clasificaron los tipos de dislipidemias, usando los valores de referencia del Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL). Finalmente, se propuso un modelo de pesquisa de dislipidemias en NNA. Los resultados demostraron que el 37,7% de la población presentaba niveles anormales de triglicéridos (TG) y un 27,0% colesterol LDL (C-LDL) elevado. El 56,1% de los pacientes masculinos y el 53,3% de los femeninos presentaban algún tipo de dislipidemia, siendo la dislipidemia aterogénica la de mayor prevalencia (27,2%), los grupos con mayor prevalencia de dislipidemia fueron el masculino de 17 a 19 años con un 63,4% y el femenino de 0 a 2 años una prevalencia de 64,3%. Según los antecedentes, se propuso una pesquisa universal de dislipidemias de 9 a 11 años y de 17 a 19 años, y una pesquisa selectiva de 3 a 8 años y de 12 a 16 años, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales. Este trabajo aporta en la identificación de pacientes portadores de dislipidemias en nuestra población, contribuyendo al diseño de programas nacionales de diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento de esta población.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in Chile and the world. They originate mainly from atherosclerosis, a pathological, chronic and inflammatory process characterized by the deposition of lipids in the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis begins in childhood and progresses gradually and silently until it is becoming clinically expressed in adulthood. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), such as dyslipidemias, are conditions or pathologies that increase the probability of suffering from CVD. It is essential to diagnose and treat CVRF in children and adolescents (NNA), since early control reduces the risk of developing CVD in adult life. The aim is this study was to identify the presence of dyslipidemia in NNA users of the Talcahuano Health Service between 2019 and 2021, based on a database from the Clinical Laboratory of the Las Higueras Hospital. The lipid profile parameters were categorized as abnormal, borderline and acceptable, and the types of dyslipidemia were classified, using the reference values of the Ministry of Health (MINSAL). Finally, it was proposed a model for screening for dyslipidemia in NNA. The results showed that 37.7% of the population had abnormal levels of triglycerides (TG) and 27.0% had elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). The 56.0% of male patients and 53.3% of female patients had some type of dyslipidemia, with atherogenic dyslipidemia being the most prevalent (27.2%), the groups with the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia were males aged 17 to 19 years with 63.4% and females aged 0 to 2 years with a prevalence of 64.3%. According to the background, universal screening for dyslipidemia was proposed between 9 to 11 years and 17 to 19 years, and selective screening between 3 to 8 years and 12 to 16 years, in accordance with international recommendations. This work contributes to the identification of patients carriers of dyslipidemia in our population, supporting to the design of national diagnosis and treatment programs for this population.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in Chile and the world. They originate mainly from atherosclerosis, a pathological, chronic and inflammatory process characterized by the deposition of lipids in the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis begins in childhood and progresses gradually and silently until it is becoming clinically expressed in adulthood. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), such as dyslipidemias, are conditions or pathologies that increase the probability of suffering from CVD. It is essential to diagnose and treat CVRF in children and adolescents (NNA), since early control reduces the risk of developing CVD in adult life. The aim is this study was to identify the presence of dyslipidemia in NNA users of the Talcahuano Health Service between 2019 and 2021, based on a database from the Clinical Laboratory of the Las Higueras Hospital. The lipid profile parameters were categorized as abnormal, borderline and acceptable, and the types of dyslipidemia were classified, using the reference values of the Ministry of Health (MINSAL). Finally, it was proposed a model for screening for dyslipidemia in NNA. The results showed that 37.7% of the population had abnormal levels of triglycerides (TG) and 27.0% had elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). The 56.0% of male patients and 53.3% of female patients had some type of dyslipidemia, with atherogenic dyslipidemia being the most prevalent (27.2%), the groups with the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia were males aged 17 to 19 years with 63.4% and females aged 0 to 2 years with a prevalence of 64.3%. According to the background, universal screening for dyslipidemia was proposed between 9 to 11 years and 17 to 19 years, and selective screening between 3 to 8 years and 12 to 16 years, in accordance with international recommendations. This work contributes to the identification of patients carriers of dyslipidemia in our population, supporting to the design of national diagnosis and treatment programs for this population.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Bioquímico/a.
Keywords
Dislipidemias, Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Niños, Adolescentes, Centros de salud Chile