Evaluación de actividad antimicrobial de hongos endófitos aislados de Nothofagus chilenos sobre fitopatógenos
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El control de enfermedades que afectan los cultivos agrícolas en la actualidad enfrenta desafíos debido a la resistencia desarrollada por los fitopatógenos y la preocupación por el impacto ambiental de los agroquímicos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el potencial de los extractos de hongos endófitos provenientes de plantas del género Nothofagus chilenos como controladores de microorganismos fitopatógenos. De los siete extractos de hongos endófitos obtenidos de Nothofagus, solo el 38 % demostró tener actividad antimicrobial en las pruebas in vitro, siendo el 61,5 % de ellos con actividad moderada o significativa (diámetro de halos de inhibición superior a los 10 mm). Las pruebas en frutos inmaduros de nogal demostraron una reducción significativa en la severidad de la infección (necrosis) causada por Diplodia mutila en condiciones de laboratorio in vitro, donde hubo una reducción del 44 al 78 % de la necrosis en frutos. Estos resultados sugieren el potencial antimicrobial de los extractos para ser usados en agricultura como una alternativa sostenible y respetuosa con el medio ambiente.
The control of diseases affecting agricultural crops currently confront challenges due to the resistance developed by pathogens and concerns about the environmental impact of agrochemicals. This research aimed to determine the potential of extracts from endophytic fungi derived from Chilean Nothofagus genus plants as controllers of phytopathogenic microorganisms. Of the seven endophytic fungal extracts obtained from Nothofagus, only 38 % demonstrated antimicrobial activity in in vitro tests, with 61,5 % of them showing moderate or significant activity (inhibition halo diameter greater than 10 mm). Tests on immature walnut fruits showed a significant reduction in the severity of infection (necrosis) caused by Diplodia mutila under in vitro conditions, with a 44 to 78 % reduction in fruit necrosis. These results suggest the antimicrobial potential of the extracts for use in agriculture as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative.
The control of diseases affecting agricultural crops currently confront challenges due to the resistance developed by pathogens and concerns about the environmental impact of agrochemicals. This research aimed to determine the potential of extracts from endophytic fungi derived from Chilean Nothofagus genus plants as controllers of phytopathogenic microorganisms. Of the seven endophytic fungal extracts obtained from Nothofagus, only 38 % demonstrated antimicrobial activity in in vitro tests, with 61,5 % of them showing moderate or significant activity (inhibition halo diameter greater than 10 mm). Tests on immature walnut fruits showed a significant reduction in the severity of infection (necrosis) caused by Diplodia mutila under in vitro conditions, with a 44 to 78 % reduction in fruit necrosis. These results suggest the antimicrobial potential of the extracts for use in agriculture as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Metabolitos Secundarios, Hongos - Chile, Microorganismos fitopatógenos