Áreas verdes urbanas: revisión de métricas y sugerencias para la medición del componente de vegetación del índice de calidad de plazas y parques urbanos de Chile.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Desde mediados del siglo pasado, la urbanización ha crecido significativamente y actualmente ocupa el 2% del territorio mundial. Esta expansión contribuye al consumo del 76% de los recursos naturales y al 60% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, afectando gravemente al medio ambiente y a la salud humana. La importancia de las áreas verdes urbanas es entonces crucial para el bienestar de las personas. Este estudio identifica métricas utilizadas globalmente para evaluar las áreas verdes urbanas, con el objetivo de contribuir a la discusión de cómo evaluar la calidad de plazas y parques urbanos de Chile. Se revisaron sistemáticamente 22 artículos. La mayoría de ellos se realizaron en parques urbanos de Europa, prefiriendo el monitoreo en terreno con gran uso del Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI). Para el monitoreo remoto, el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) fue el más empleado. Se identificaron 122 métricas, con predominio del atributo de la biodiversidad estructural (46%), seguidos por composición (38%) y funcionalidad (16%). Debido a que estos atributos influyen en la mitigación de contaminantes y en el bienestar humano, se recomienda ampliar el Índice de Calidad de Plazas y Parques Urbanos usado en Chile integrando métricas que permitan una estimación más precisa de la calidad de estos espacios. Una gestión eficaz y el conocimiento de la biodiversidad urbana son clave para el desarrollo sostenible y el bienestar en las ciudades.
Since the mid-20th century, urbanization has grown significantly and currently occupies 2% of the world's territory. This expansion contributes to the consumption of 76% of natural resources and 60% of greenhouse gas emissions, severely impacting the environment and human health. The importance of urban green spaces is therefore crucial for people's well-being. This study identifies metrics used globally to evaluate urban green spaces, aiming to contribute to the discussion on how to assess the quality of urban plazas and parks in Chile. A systematic review of 22 articles was conducted. Most of these studies were carried out in urban parks in Europe, favoring on-site monitoring with extensive use of the Importance Value Index (IVI). For remote monitoring, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was the most commonly employed. A total of 122 metrics were identified, with a predominance of the structural biodiversity attribute (46%), followed by composition (38%) and functionality (16%). Since these attributes influence pollutant mitigation and human well-being, it is recommended to expand the Urban Parks and Plazas Quality Index used in Chile by integrating metrics that allow a more accurate estimation of the quality of these spaces. Effective management and knowledge of urban biodiversity are key to sustainable development and well-being in cities.
Since the mid-20th century, urbanization has grown significantly and currently occupies 2% of the world's territory. This expansion contributes to the consumption of 76% of natural resources and 60% of greenhouse gas emissions, severely impacting the environment and human health. The importance of urban green spaces is therefore crucial for people's well-being. This study identifies metrics used globally to evaluate urban green spaces, aiming to contribute to the discussion on how to assess the quality of urban plazas and parks in Chile. A systematic review of 22 articles was conducted. Most of these studies were carried out in urban parks in Europe, favoring on-site monitoring with extensive use of the Importance Value Index (IVI). For remote monitoring, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was the most commonly employed. A total of 122 metrics were identified, with a predominance of the structural biodiversity attribute (46%), followed by composition (38%) and functionality (16%). Since these attributes influence pollutant mitigation and human well-being, it is recommended to expand the Urban Parks and Plazas Quality Index used in Chile by integrating metrics that allow a more accurate estimation of the quality of these spaces. Effective management and knowledge of urban biodiversity are key to sustainable development and well-being in cities.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Áreas verdes, Vegetación, Plazas, Parques urbanos, Chile