Ingreso relativo, movilidad y bienestar subjetivo en Chile.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El siguiente trabajo investiga el impacto del ingreso relativo y la movilidad social en el bienestar subjetivo en Chile entre 2015 y 2020, un período marcado por importantes eventos sociopolíticos tales como el llamado “Estallido Social” de 2019 y el comienzo de la pandemia COVID-19. Utilizando datos longitudinales de la VI y VII ronda de la Encuesta de Protección Social (EPS), se analiza cómo la satisfacción individual con la vida se ve influenciada por el ingreso absoluto, ingresos relativos, las comparaciones y la dinámica de la movilidad social utilizando un modelo econométrico basado en el trabajo de Parada-Contzen (2020), en el que la satisfacción con la vida depende de los ingresos individuales, los ingresos promedio de varios grupos de referencia y las características individuales, incluidas las medidas de movilidad social, controlando por efectos no observados. Se definen grupos de referencia en función de combinaciones de educación, edad, género, región, ocupación e industria. La muestra consta de 8.035 personas para la VI ronda 2015 y 1.780 personas para la VII ronda 2020, estas 1780 personas son quienes fueron encuestados en ambas oportunidades que poseían los datos necesarios para el estudio, así también se estudia de forma especial a este grupo de personas.
Tanto los ingresos absolutos como los relativos son determinantes importantes del bienestar subjetivo en el país, pero sus influencias han cambiado con el tiempo, el impacto decreciente de las comparaciones de ingresos en 2020 sugiere una reevaluación de los determinantes de la satisfacción personal, cambios atribuibles a las percepciones alteradas de la desigualdad después del “Estallido social” de 2019 u “Octubrismo”, que posiblemente desplazó el enfoque de las comparaciones individuales a preocupaciones sociales más amplias. Se revela un alto nivel de rigidez en la estructura social chilena, la persistente desigualdad económica y la movilidad social limitada siguen afectando negativamente la satisfacción con la vida. Políticas públicas que estén destinadas a promover la movilidad social ascendente y reducir las desigualdades económicas y estructurales son esenciales para mejorar el bienestar subjetivo de la población chilena, en donde se encuentra que el aumento de los ingresos es un factor clave para ello y un progreso en combate contra la desigualdad exorbitante del país.
The following paper investigates the impact of relative income and social mobility on subjective well being in Chile between 2015 and 2020, a period marked by important sociopolitical events such as the so-called “Social Outburst” of 2019 and the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using longitudinal data from the VI and VII rounds of the Social Protection Survey (EPS), we analyze how individual life satisfaction is influenced by absolute income, relative income, comparisons, and the dynamics of social mobility using an econometric model based on the work of Parada-Contzen (2020) in which life satisfaction depends on individual income, average income of various reference groups, and individual characteristics, including measures of social mobility, controlling for unobserved effects. Reference groups are defined based on combinations of education, age, gender, region, occupation, and industry. The sample consists of 8,035 people for the VI round 2015 and 1,780 people for the VII round 2020, these 1,780 people are those who were surveyed on both occasions who had the necessary data for the study, and this group of people is also studied in a special way. Both absolute and relative income are important determinants of subjective well-being in the country, but their influences have changed over time, the decreasing impact of income comparisons in 2020 suggests a re-evaluation of the determinants of personal satisfaction, changes attributable to altered perceptions of inequality after the 2019 “Social Outburst” or “Octubrismo”, which possibly shifted the focus from individual comparisons to broader social concerns. A high level of rigidity in the Chilean social structure is revealed, persistent economic inequality and limited social mobility continue to negatively affect life satisfaction. Public policies aimed at promoting upward social mobility and reducing economic and structural inequalities are essential to improving the subjective well-being of the Chilean population, where increased income is a key factor in this and progress in the fight against the country's exorbitant inequality.
The following paper investigates the impact of relative income and social mobility on subjective well being in Chile between 2015 and 2020, a period marked by important sociopolitical events such as the so-called “Social Outburst” of 2019 and the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using longitudinal data from the VI and VII rounds of the Social Protection Survey (EPS), we analyze how individual life satisfaction is influenced by absolute income, relative income, comparisons, and the dynamics of social mobility using an econometric model based on the work of Parada-Contzen (2020) in which life satisfaction depends on individual income, average income of various reference groups, and individual characteristics, including measures of social mobility, controlling for unobserved effects. Reference groups are defined based on combinations of education, age, gender, region, occupation, and industry. The sample consists of 8,035 people for the VI round 2015 and 1,780 people for the VII round 2020, these 1,780 people are those who were surveyed on both occasions who had the necessary data for the study, and this group of people is also studied in a special way. Both absolute and relative income are important determinants of subjective well-being in the country, but their influences have changed over time, the decreasing impact of income comparisons in 2020 suggests a re-evaluation of the determinants of personal satisfaction, changes attributable to altered perceptions of inequality after the 2019 “Social Outburst” or “Octubrismo”, which possibly shifted the focus from individual comparisons to broader social concerns. A high level of rigidity in the Chilean social structure is revealed, persistent economic inequality and limited social mobility continue to negatively affect life satisfaction. Public policies aimed at promoting upward social mobility and reducing economic and structural inequalities are essential to improving the subjective well-being of the Chilean population, where increased income is a key factor in this and progress in the fight against the country's exorbitant inequality.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Industrial.
Keywords
Rentas, Movilidad social, Bienestar