Exploración de la presencia de estigma en profesionales de la matonería que otorgan atención en salud sexual y reproductiva a personas con diagnóstico de trastorno mental.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Introducción: El estigma como fenómeno social, invisibiliza la salud sexual y reproductiva de personas con diagnósticos de trastorno mental. En Chile, esta atención es realizada por la matronería observando un desconocimiento de su abordaje clínico. Objetivo: Explorar el fenómeno de estigma, desde la perspectiva de profesionales de la matronería frente a personas con diagnóstico de trastorno mental, durante la atención en salud sexual y reproductiva, en relación con sus competencias profesionales y contextos personales. Método: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas por video llamadas a quince profesionales, utilizando muestreo tipo bola de nieve. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron sometidas a análisis de contenido con ATLAS. Ti Web, según tres categorías predefinidas: experiencia profesional, fortalezas y debilidades en el abordaje y barreras para la atención integral. Investigación aprobada por dos comités de ética institucionales. Resultados: Las atenciones fueron percibidas como complejas, demandantes y desafiantes. Identificando como fortalezas sus habilidades blandas y su disposición a la autoformación, mientras que las debilidades correspondieron a la falta de competencias y el desconocimiento sobre necesidades en salud mental. Se evidenciaron conductas estigmatizantes en el ámbito institucional y una subvaloración de las necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva. Emergieron categorías asociadas a la vulnerabilidad social las usuarias y la sensibilización personal por experiencias cercanas. Conclusión: Las atenciones resultaron ser complejas. Se observaron conductas estigmatizantes institucionales y profesionales. Fortalecer competencias de salud mental en la matronería resultan fundamentales para asegurar una atención en sexualidad y reproducción inclusiva y respetuosa de las diversidades.
Introduction: Stigma, as a social phenomenon, obscures the sexual and reproductive health of people diagnosed with mental disorders. In Chile, this care is provided by midwives, with a lack of understanding of their clinical approach. Objective: To explore the phenomenon of stigma, from the perspective of midwifery professionals, regarding people diagnosed with mental disorders during sexual and reproductive health care, in relation to their professional competencies and personal contexts. Method: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, using semi-structured interviews via video calls with fifteen professionals, using snowball sampling. The transcribed interviews were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.Ti Web, according to three predefined categories: professional experience, strengths and weaknesses in the approach, and barriers to comprehensive care. The research was approved by two institutional ethics committees. Results: The care provided was perceived as complex, demanding, and challenging. Strengths were identified as soft skills and a willingness to self-train, while weaknesses were identified as a lack of skills and a lack of knowledge about mental health needs. Stigmatizing behaviors within the institutional setting and an undervaluation of sexual and reproductive health were evident. Categories associated with the social vulnerability of the users and personal awareness due to personal experiences emerged. Conclusion: Care delivery proved to be complex. Stigmatizing institutional and professional behaviors were observed. Strengthening mental health competencies in midwifery is essential to ensure inclusive and diversity-respecting sexuality and reproduction care.
Introduction: Stigma, as a social phenomenon, obscures the sexual and reproductive health of people diagnosed with mental disorders. In Chile, this care is provided by midwives, with a lack of understanding of their clinical approach. Objective: To explore the phenomenon of stigma, from the perspective of midwifery professionals, regarding people diagnosed with mental disorders during sexual and reproductive health care, in relation to their professional competencies and personal contexts. Method: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, using semi-structured interviews via video calls with fifteen professionals, using snowball sampling. The transcribed interviews were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.Ti Web, according to three predefined categories: professional experience, strengths and weaknesses in the approach, and barriers to comprehensive care. The research was approved by two institutional ethics committees. Results: The care provided was perceived as complex, demanding, and challenging. Strengths were identified as soft skills and a willingness to self-train, while weaknesses were identified as a lack of skills and a lack of knowledge about mental health needs. Stigmatizing behaviors within the institutional setting and an undervaluation of sexual and reproductive health were evident. Categories associated with the social vulnerability of the users and personal awareness due to personal experiences emerged. Conclusion: Care delivery proved to be complex. Stigmatizing institutional and professional behaviors were observed. Strengthening mental health competencies in midwifery is essential to ensure inclusive and diversity-respecting sexuality and reproduction care.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva.
Keywords
Salud mental, Estigma (Psicología social), Salud sexual, Salud reproductiva