Evaluación del riesgo a la pérdida del hábitat de las áreas de alto valor de biodiversidad en la Región del Biobío.
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Date
2024
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Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La magnitud, extensión y velocidad de las alteraciones antropogénicas sobre la superficie de la tierra no tienen precedentes en la historia de la humanidad. Un ejemplo concreto es: la sustitución de los bosques nativos por plantaciones de especies exóticas que pueden favorecer la introducción de las especies invasoras, aumento de la escorrentía y tasa de erosión del suelo que pueden afectar negativamente los procesos hidrológicos. Por otro lado, hay que tener en cuenta el riesgo que pueden correr las áreas de Alto Valor en Biodiversidad (AVB) que están siendo perturbadas por múltiples factores de estrés. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el riesgo de la pérdida de hábitat de las áreas AVB en la Región del Biobío, establecer las áreas de alto, mediano y bajo riesgo, analizar qué factores estresantes son más riesgosos para las áreas de alto valor de biodiversidad e identificar parches de hábitat prioritarios para la conservación más expuestos al riesgo de los factores de estrés. Se aplicó el enfoque de planificación sistemática para la conservación donde se generaron métricas de irremplazabilidad, representatividad y adecuación, más las coberturas de cuatro factores estresantes (caminos, zona urbana, plantaciones forestales e incendios) los cuales fueron inputs en el uso del modelo Evaluación de Riesgo de Habitat del software INVEST. Los resultaron revelaron tres zonas de riesgo (alto, medio y bajo) de las cuales las plantaciones forestales fueron el factor de estrés más amenazante. Además se obtuvo que el 66% del quintil más prioritario de áreas AVB prioritarias está en riesgo de ser degradada. Es necesario crear estrategias para que estas zonas de bajo riesgo estén en alguna figura de protección, se generen áreas de amortiguamiento, planes de restauración para mejorar la conectividad y que sean consideradas en instrumentos de planificación como infraestructuras ecológicas comunales, provinciales o regionales.
The magnitude, extent, and speed of anthropogenic alterations on the Earth's surface are unprecedented in human history. A concrete example is the replacement of native forests with plantations of exotic species that can facilitate the introduction of invasive species, increase runoff, and soil erosion rates, negatively affecting hydrological processes. On the other hand, it is essential to consider the risk that High Biodiversity Value (HBV) areas may face due to multiple stress factors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of habitat loss in HBV areas in the Biobío Region, establish areas of high, medium, and low risk, analyze which stress factors are most risky for high biodiversity value areas, and identify priority habitat patches for conservation most exposed to the risk of stress factors. The systematic conservation planning approach was applied, generating metrics of irreplaceability, representativeness, and adequacy, along with the coverage of four stress factors (roads, urban areas, forest plantations, and fires), which were inputs in the use of the Habitat Risk Assessment model of the INVEST software. The results revealed three risk zones (high, medium, and low), with forest plantations being the most threatening stress factor. Additionally, it was found that 66% of the most priority quintile of priority HBV areas are at risk of degradation. It is necessary to create strategies for low-risk areas to be under some form of protection, establish buffer areas, restoration plans to improve connectivity, and to be considered in planning instruments such as communal, provincial, or regional ecological infrastructure.
The magnitude, extent, and speed of anthropogenic alterations on the Earth's surface are unprecedented in human history. A concrete example is the replacement of native forests with plantations of exotic species that can facilitate the introduction of invasive species, increase runoff, and soil erosion rates, negatively affecting hydrological processes. On the other hand, it is essential to consider the risk that High Biodiversity Value (HBV) areas may face due to multiple stress factors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of habitat loss in HBV areas in the Biobío Region, establish areas of high, medium, and low risk, analyze which stress factors are most risky for high biodiversity value areas, and identify priority habitat patches for conservation most exposed to the risk of stress factors. The systematic conservation planning approach was applied, generating metrics of irreplaceability, representativeness, and adequacy, along with the coverage of four stress factors (roads, urban areas, forest plantations, and fires), which were inputs in the use of the Habitat Risk Assessment model of the INVEST software. The results revealed three risk zones (high, medium, and low), with forest plantations being the most threatening stress factor. Additionally, it was found that 66% of the most priority quintile of priority HBV areas are at risk of degradation. It is necessary to create strategies for low-risk areas to be under some form of protection, establish buffer areas, restoration plans to improve connectivity, and to be considered in planning instruments such as communal, provincial, or regional ecological infrastructure.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero en Conservación de Recursos Naturales
Keywords
Biodiversidad Chile, Ecosistemas Chile, Región del Biobío (Chile)