Evaluación de flota de camiones aljibes y puntos de llenado y sus alternativas en una mina a cielo abierto con software Arena.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La industria minera involucra actividades como el carguío, el transporte, la perforación y la tronadura que implican movimiento de material constante. Esto hace inevitable que se genere suspensión de material particulado, el cual puede generar impactos en los seres humanos, animales, vegetación, equipos y comunidades cercanas. Es por esto, que tener un adecuado sistema de control de polvo es muy importante en cualquier actividad minera.
Un punto de generación de material particulado importante son los caminos. Para mantener estos humectados es necesario tener una flota de camiones regadores que den abasto según las propias características de la mina en estudio.
En este trabajo se estudia la flota de camiones aljibes óptima para un caso particular. Este comienza con el análisis de una flota de 4 camiones aljibes de 49,000 L de capacidad y con tres puntos de llenado ubicados en distintas zonas de la mina con el fin de determinar si esta cumple con lo necesario para tener un buen control del polvo. Luego se evalúan las flotas alternativas con 5, 6 y 7 camiones y la opción de aumentar en un punto de llenado el sector 2 o el sector 3.
Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se utiliza el software de simulación Arena, el cual permite desarrollar un modelo que logra representar la situación real en estudio mediante módulos y el ingreso de datos. Los resultados muestran que la situación original de 4 camiones no da abasto y que el tiempo entre un riego y otro puede alcanzar los 120 minutos en algunos sectores, lo que sobrepasa los 102 minutos correspondiente al tiempo máximo entre riegos con temperatura mínima. El análisis de los otros cinco escenarios muestra un aumento en la frecuencia de regado, sin embargo, el caso que más se ajusta a los parámetros impuestos es aquel cuya flota está compuesta por 6 camiones y un punto de llenado más en el sector 3, ya que este permite un riego similar en
cada ruta y bajos tiempos de espera en los puntos de llenado.
Si bien los resultados indican que para un mejor control del polvo es necesario aumentar la cantidad de camiones regadores, hay factores que por las limitaciones del trabajo no se han considerado y que es recomendable que se tomen en cuenta antes de tomar una decisión. Dentro de estos se encuentran los aspectos económicos como la inversión necesaria para aumentar la flota, gastos operacionales, las emisiones, gasto de agua y la utilización de otro tipo de supresores.
The mining industry involves activities such as loading, hauling, drilling and blasting that involves constant movement of material. This inevitable leads to the generation of suspended particulate matter, which can generate impacts on humans, animals, vegetation, equipment and nearby communities. This is why having an adequate dust control system is very important in any mining activity. An important point of generation of particulate material is the roads. In order to maintain a certain humidity on the road it is necessary to have a fleet of water trucks that can supply according to the characteristics of the mine under study. This work studies the optimal fleet of water trucks for a particular case. It begins with the analysis of a fleet of 4 water trucks of 49,000 L capacity and with three filling points located in different áreas of the mine to determine if it meets the necessary to have appropriate dust control. Then alternative fleets are evaluated with 5, 6 and 7 trucks and the option of increasing by one filling point in sector 2 or sector 3. To carry out this work, the simulation software Arena is used, allowing the development of a model that represents the real situation under study through modules and data entry. The results show that the original situation of 4 trucks is not sufficient and that the time between irrigations can reach 120 minutes in some sectors which exceeds the 102 minutes corresponding to the maximum time between irrigations with mínimum temperature. The analysis of the other five cases shows an increase in watering frequency, however, the case that best fits the imposed parameters is the one whose fleet is composed of 6 trucks and one more filling point in sector 3, as this allows for similar watering on each route and low waiting times at the filling point. Although the results indicate that for better dust control it is necessary to increase the number of wáter trucks, there are factors that, due to the limitations of the work, have not been considered and that it is advisable to take into account before making a decision. Among these are the economic aspects such as the investment needed to increase the fleet, operational cost, emissions, wáter consumption and the use of other types of suppressants.
The mining industry involves activities such as loading, hauling, drilling and blasting that involves constant movement of material. This inevitable leads to the generation of suspended particulate matter, which can generate impacts on humans, animals, vegetation, equipment and nearby communities. This is why having an adequate dust control system is very important in any mining activity. An important point of generation of particulate material is the roads. In order to maintain a certain humidity on the road it is necessary to have a fleet of water trucks that can supply according to the characteristics of the mine under study. This work studies the optimal fleet of water trucks for a particular case. It begins with the analysis of a fleet of 4 water trucks of 49,000 L capacity and with three filling points located in different áreas of the mine to determine if it meets the necessary to have appropriate dust control. Then alternative fleets are evaluated with 5, 6 and 7 trucks and the option of increasing by one filling point in sector 2 or sector 3. To carry out this work, the simulation software Arena is used, allowing the development of a model that represents the real situation under study through modules and data entry. The results show that the original situation of 4 trucks is not sufficient and that the time between irrigations can reach 120 minutes in some sectors which exceeds the 102 minutes corresponding to the maximum time between irrigations with mínimum temperature. The analysis of the other five cases shows an increase in watering frequency, however, the case that best fits the imposed parameters is the one whose fleet is composed of 6 trucks and one more filling point in sector 3, as this allows for similar watering on each route and low waiting times at the filling point. Although the results indicate that for better dust control it is necessary to increase the number of wáter trucks, there are factors that, due to the limitations of the work, have not been considered and that it is advisable to take into account before making a decision. Among these are the economic aspects such as the investment needed to increase the fleet, operational cost, emissions, wáter consumption and the use of other types of suppressants.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero(a) Civil de Minas
Keywords
Minería, Camiones, Riego, Control del polvo, Software computacional