Potencial de biocontrol de hongos endófitos nativos contra Aegorhinus superciliosis (Guérin) (Coleóptera Curculionidae) en avellano europeo
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El avellano europeo es un frutal de interés comercial y por esto en Chile su cultivo se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Sin embargo, este no está exento de plagas como Aegorhinus superciliosus. En este estudio, se evaluó la capacidad de colonización endofítica de 15 cepas de hongos de los géneros Beauveria, Purpureocillium y Metarhizium en avellano europeo Cv Tonda di Giffoni y su capacidad para controlar adultos de A. superciliosus. Solo tres cepas colonizaron el interior de las plantas de avellano correspondiendo a RGM 2396 y RGM 2250 de Beauveria y RGM 1523 de Purpureocillium, con porcentajes de colonización de 6,67%, 1,67% y 21,61% respectivamente. Estas cepas se seleccionaron para el bioensayo de control de adultos de A. superciliosus obteniéndose un 100% con RGM 2396 y RGM 2250 mientras que RGM 1523 registró un 90 % de mortalidad.
Finalmente, se realizó un bioensayo de fagodisuasión donde se seleccionaron hojas de plantas inoculadas con las dos cepas de Beauveria anteriormente mencionadas que mostraron efecto antialimentario sobre adultos de A. superciliosus, con un 33,14% menos de área foliar consumida respecto al tratamiento control. Se concluye que las cepas nativas de hongos endófitos colonizan tejidos de avellano europeo Cv Tonda di Giffoni y presentan capacidad como agentes entomopatógenos y fagodisuasivos contra adultos de A. superciliosus.
The European hazelnut is a fruit tree of commercial interest and for this reason its cultivation in Chile has increased in recent years. However, this is not free of pests such as Aegorhinus superciliosus. In this study, the endophytic colonization capacity of 15 fungal strains of the genera Beauveria, Purpureocillium and Metarhizium in European hazel Cv Tonda di Giffoni and their ability to control adults of A. superciliosus were evaluated. Only three strains colonized the interior of the hazelnut plants corresponding to RGM 2396 and RGM 2250 of Beauveria and RGM 1523 of Purpureocillium, with colonization percentages of 6.67%, 1.67% and 21.61% respectively. These strains were selected for the control bioassay of A. superciliosus adults, obtaining 100% with RGM 2396 and RGM 2250 while RGM 1523 recorded 90% mortality. Finally, a phagodeterrent bioassay was carried out where leaves from plants inoculated with the two previously mentioned Beauveria strains that showed an antifeedant effect on adults of A. superciliosus were selected, with 33.14% less leaf area consumed compared to the control treatment. It is concluded that native strains of endophytic fungi colonize tissues of European hazel Cv Tonda di Giffoni and have the capacity as entomopathogenic and phagodeterrent agents against adults of A. superciliosus.
The European hazelnut is a fruit tree of commercial interest and for this reason its cultivation in Chile has increased in recent years. However, this is not free of pests such as Aegorhinus superciliosus. In this study, the endophytic colonization capacity of 15 fungal strains of the genera Beauveria, Purpureocillium and Metarhizium in European hazel Cv Tonda di Giffoni and their ability to control adults of A. superciliosus were evaluated. Only three strains colonized the interior of the hazelnut plants corresponding to RGM 2396 and RGM 2250 of Beauveria and RGM 1523 of Purpureocillium, with colonization percentages of 6.67%, 1.67% and 21.61% respectively. These strains were selected for the control bioassay of A. superciliosus adults, obtaining 100% with RGM 2396 and RGM 2250 while RGM 1523 recorded 90% mortality. Finally, a phagodeterrent bioassay was carried out where leaves from plants inoculated with the two previously mentioned Beauveria strains that showed an antifeedant effect on adults of A. superciliosus were selected, with 33.14% less leaf area consumed compared to the control treatment. It is concluded that native strains of endophytic fungi colonize tissues of European hazel Cv Tonda di Giffoni and have the capacity as entomopathogenic and phagodeterrent agents against adults of A. superciliosus.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Plagas agrícolas - Chile, Hongos