Identificación de haplotipos de varroa destructor en diferentes regiones de Chile y su relación con la infección del virus de las alas deformadas (DWV) en apis mellifera
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El ácaro Varroa destructor es un ectoparásito que infesta a Apis mellifera L., y es el principal vector del Virus de alas deformadas (DWV) en abejas melíferas. Solo dos haplotipos del ácaro parasitan a A. mellifera, el haplotipo japonés (J) y el haplotipo coreano (K). Se desconoce la relación entre los haplotipos de V. destructor presentes en Chile, y las variantes de DWV (DWV-A y DWV-B) que infectan a las abejas. Se colectaron muestras de abejas melíferas y V. destructor, en colmenas de diferentes regiones: Coquimbo, Metropolitana, Ñuble y Los Ríos. El análisis de ADN mediante PCR-RFLP mostró que, en Coquimbo y Los Ríos, el 100 % de los ácaros correspondían al haplotipo J, mientras que en la región Metropolitana y Ñuble estaban presentes ambos haplotipos, predominando el haplotipo J con 97,5 % y 92,5 %, respectivamente. En un segundo muestreo se colectaron abejas parasitadas con el ácaro, se determinó los haplotipos y mediante qPCR las variantes y cargas virales de DWV. Solo fue detectada DWV-A en abejas parasitadas por ambos haplotipos. Las abejas parasitadas por ácaros de haplotipo J presentaron mayor carga viral que las abejas parasitadas por ácaros de haplotipo K. La cadena negativa de DWV-A solo se detectó en ácaros del haplotipo J, demostrando que esta variante se replica en V. destructor. La variante DWV-B no fue detectada en ninguna de las muestras analizadas.
The Varroa destructor mite is an ectoparasite that infests Apis mellifera L. and is the primary vector of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) in honeybees. Only two haplotypes of the mite parasitize A. mellifera, the Japanese haplotype (J) and the Korean haplotype (K). The relationship between the V. destructor haplotypes in Chile and the DWV variants (DWV-A and DWV-B) infecting bees is unknown. Honeybees and V. destructor samples were collected from hives in different regions: Coquimbo, Metropolitan, Ñuble, and Los Ríos. DNA analysis using PCR-RFLP showed that, in Coquimbo and Los Ríos, 100 % of the mites were of the J haplotype. In contrast, both haplotypes were present in the Metropolitan and Ñuble regions, with the J haplotype predominating at 97,5 % and 92,5 %, respectively. In a second sampling, parasitized bees were collected, haplotypes were etermined, and DWV variants and viral loads were assessed using qPCR. Only DWV-A was detected in bees parasitized by both haplotypes. Bees parasitized by mites of haplotype J had a higher viral load than bees parasitized by mites of haplotype K. The negative strand of DWV-A was only detected in mites of haplotype J, demonstrating that this variant replicates in V. destructor. DWV-B was not detected in any of the analyzed samples.
The Varroa destructor mite is an ectoparasite that infests Apis mellifera L. and is the primary vector of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) in honeybees. Only two haplotypes of the mite parasitize A. mellifera, the Japanese haplotype (J) and the Korean haplotype (K). The relationship between the V. destructor haplotypes in Chile and the DWV variants (DWV-A and DWV-B) infecting bees is unknown. Honeybees and V. destructor samples were collected from hives in different regions: Coquimbo, Metropolitan, Ñuble, and Los Ríos. DNA analysis using PCR-RFLP showed that, in Coquimbo and Los Ríos, 100 % of the mites were of the J haplotype. In contrast, both haplotypes were present in the Metropolitan and Ñuble regions, with the J haplotype predominating at 97,5 % and 92,5 %, respectively. In a second sampling, parasitized bees were collected, haplotypes were etermined, and DWV variants and viral loads were assessed using qPCR. Only DWV-A was detected in bees parasitized by both haplotypes. Bees parasitized by mites of haplotype J had a higher viral load than bees parasitized by mites of haplotype K. The negative strand of DWV-A was only detected in mites of haplotype J, demonstrating that this variant replicates in V. destructor. DWV-B was not detected in any of the analyzed samples.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Apis Mellifera, Varroa destructor, Virus de insectos