Elaboración de un diccionario táctil para el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos de la química para personas en situación con discapacidad visual.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El proceso de aprendizaje ocurre a través de los sentidos; sin embargo, en Química los estudiantes en situación de discapacidad visual se enfrentan a mayores desafíos, puesto que dicha discapacidad está estrechamente relacionada con escaso material adaptado, la deserción escolar y el bajo rendimiento académico. Situación muy similar ocurre en Chile, existiendo un gran vacío en materiales accesibles, sumado al poco conocimiento y/o recursos que poseen los docentes para trabajar con estudiantes en situación de discapacidad visual. El presente proyecto tuvo como objetivo la elaboración de un diccionario táctil de conceptos básicos de la Química empleando la metodología de Investigación Basada en el Diseño, que comprendió las etapas de determinación de conceptos básicos, elaboración del diccionario y material tridimensional de apoyo y evaluación del diccionario la que contó con la participación de estudiantes en situación de discapacidad visual pertenecientes al Centro Municipal del Integrado Visual y docentes del Liceo Coeducacional Santa María de Los Ángeles. Como principal resultado se logró elaborar el diccionario táctil de 10 conceptos básicos de la Química a partir de la percepción de los estudiantes en situación de discapacidad visual pertenecientes al Centro Municipal del Integrado Visual y docentes del Liceo Coeducacional Santa María de Los Ángeles, el que cuenta con las características idóneas para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con distintos niveles de discapacidad visual, tales como, escritura en sistema braille y macrotipo con contraste, apoyo tridimensional para cada una de las definiciones, material audible por medio de código QR, entre otras.
The learning process occurs through the senses; however, in Chemistry, students with visual impairments face greater challenges, since this disability is closely related to a lack of adapted materials, school dropouts, and poor academic performance. A very similar situation occurs in Chile, where there is a large gap in accessible materials, coupled with the limited knowledge and/or resources that teachers have to work with students with visual impairments. The objective of this project was to develop a tactile dictionary of basic Chemistry concepts using the Design-Based Research methodology, which included the stages of determining basic concepts, developing the dictionary and three-dimensional support material, and evaluating the dictionary. The evaluation involved students with visual impairments from the Centro Municipal del Integrado Visual and teachers from the Liceo Coeducacional Santa María de Los Ángeles. The main result was the development of a tactile dictionary of 10 basic concepts of Chemistry based on the perception of students with visual impairments from the Centro Municipal del Integrado Visual and teachers from the Liceo Coeducacional Santa María de Los Ángeles, which has the ideal characteristics for the learning of students with different levels of visual disabilities, such as writing in Braille and macrotype with contrast, three dimensional support for each of the definitions, audible material through QR code, among others.
The learning process occurs through the senses; however, in Chemistry, students with visual impairments face greater challenges, since this disability is closely related to a lack of adapted materials, school dropouts, and poor academic performance. A very similar situation occurs in Chile, where there is a large gap in accessible materials, coupled with the limited knowledge and/or resources that teachers have to work with students with visual impairments. The objective of this project was to develop a tactile dictionary of basic Chemistry concepts using the Design-Based Research methodology, which included the stages of determining basic concepts, developing the dictionary and three-dimensional support material, and evaluating the dictionary. The evaluation involved students with visual impairments from the Centro Municipal del Integrado Visual and teachers from the Liceo Coeducacional Santa María de Los Ángeles. The main result was the development of a tactile dictionary of 10 basic concepts of Chemistry based on the perception of students with visual impairments from the Centro Municipal del Integrado Visual and teachers from the Liceo Coeducacional Santa María de Los Ángeles, which has the ideal characteristics for the learning of students with different levels of visual disabilities, such as writing in Braille and macrotype with contrast, three dimensional support for each of the definitions, audible material through QR code, among others.
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Tesis presentada para optar al título Profesor de Ciencias Naturales y Biología