Respuestas morfológicas y bioquímicas de la especie nativa Cryptocarya alba a la interacción con las fabáceas invasoras Teline monspessulana y Ulex europaeus desde una perspectiva semioquímica.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El peumo (Cryptocarya alba Mol. Looser, Lauraceae) es una especie arbórea nativa de gran importancia en Chile, pero sus poblaciones se encuentran fragmentadas debido a diversos factores que facilitan la rápida colonización de especies altamente invasoras como las fabáceas Ulex europaeus L. y Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch. A pesar de que sus semillas tienen una aceptable viabilidad, C. alba muestra limitada capacidad de regeneración natural. A este fenómeno se une la amenaza de dichas fabáceas invasoras, debido a su rápida dispersión por zonas donde se ubica el bosque esclerófilo chileno habitado por C. alba y otras especies de plantas nativas. Varias investigaciones asocian el éxito de U. europaeus a sus defensas químicas y físicas entre otros rasgos que la ubican entre las 100 especies invasoras más peligrosas del mundo. Los estudios sobre T. monspessulana se han enfocado más en los modelos de colonización y su relación con los incendios forestales. Ambas especies invasoras pueden interferir en la germinación, crecimiento y desarrollo de las especies nativas; particularmente producto a su alta síntesis y liberación de diversos aleloquímicos. Esto resulta más preocupante, debido a que las dos fabáceas invasoras comparten similar rango de distribución al de C. alba en el Centro-Sur del país. En el presente trabajo se revisa y se sustenta con evidencias científicas el desempeño de C. alba durante el crecimiento inicial ante el estrés aleloquímico provocado por U. europaeus y T. monspessulana. Para ello, se analizaron variables morfológicas y bioquímicas. Los resultados proporcionan una base científica sólida y novedosa que puede ser utilizada en los programas de manejo de las fabáceas invasoras; así como en las estrategias que se puedan establecer para proteger a C. alba de la colonización de U. europaeus y T. monspessulana. Finalmente, los estudios realizados abrieron nuevas preguntas de investigación, que se requieren responder para revelar mecanismos concomitantes que utilizan las fabáceas invasoras para inducir alteraciones estructurales y metabólicas a C. alba, que pueden poner en riesgo la supervivencia de esta especie nativa durante las primeras etapas fenológicas.
Peumo (Cryptocarya alba Mol. Looser, Lauraceae) is a native tree species of great importance in Chile, but its populations are fragmented due to several factors that facilitate the rapid colonization of highly invasive species such as Ulex europaeus L. and Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch, both from the Fabaceae family. Although its seeds have acceptable viability, C. alba shows a limited capacity for natural regeneration. This phenomenon is compounded by the threat of these invasive Fabaceae due to their rapid spread to areas where the Chilean sclerophyllous forest, inhabited by C. alba and other native plant species, is located. Several studies associate the success of U. europaeus with its chemical and physical defenses, among other traits, that place it among the 100 most dangerous invasive species in the world. Studies on T. monspessulana have focused more on colonization patterns and their relationship with forest fires. Both invasive species can interfere with the germination, growth, and development of native species, particularly due to their high synthesis and release of various allelochemicals. This is more worrying because the two invasive Fabaceae share a similar range to that of C. alba in the southcentral part of the country. This paper reviews and supports with scientific evidence the performance of C. alba during initial growth under allelochemical stress caused by U. europaeus and T. monspessulana. Morphological and biochemical variables were analyzed. The results provide a solid and novel scientific basis that can be used in invasive Fabaceae management programs, as well as in strategies that can be established to protect C. alba from colonization by U. europaeus and T. monspessulana. Finally, the studies conducted opened new research questions, which need to be answered to reveal the concomitant mechanisms used by invasive Fabaceae to induce structural and metabolic alterations in C. alba, which may jeopardize the survival of this native species during the early phenological stages.
Peumo (Cryptocarya alba Mol. Looser, Lauraceae) is a native tree species of great importance in Chile, but its populations are fragmented due to several factors that facilitate the rapid colonization of highly invasive species such as Ulex europaeus L. and Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch, both from the Fabaceae family. Although its seeds have acceptable viability, C. alba shows a limited capacity for natural regeneration. This phenomenon is compounded by the threat of these invasive Fabaceae due to their rapid spread to areas where the Chilean sclerophyllous forest, inhabited by C. alba and other native plant species, is located. Several studies associate the success of U. europaeus with its chemical and physical defenses, among other traits, that place it among the 100 most dangerous invasive species in the world. Studies on T. monspessulana have focused more on colonization patterns and their relationship with forest fires. Both invasive species can interfere with the germination, growth, and development of native species, particularly due to their high synthesis and release of various allelochemicals. This is more worrying because the two invasive Fabaceae share a similar range to that of C. alba in the southcentral part of the country. This paper reviews and supports with scientific evidence the performance of C. alba during initial growth under allelochemical stress caused by U. europaeus and T. monspessulana. Morphological and biochemical variables were analyzed. The results provide a solid and novel scientific basis that can be used in invasive Fabaceae management programs, as well as in strategies that can be established to protect C. alba from colonization by U. europaeus and T. monspessulana. Finally, the studies conducted opened new research questions, which need to be answered to reveal the concomitant mechanisms used by invasive Fabaceae to induce structural and metabolic alterations in C. alba, which may jeopardize the survival of this native species during the early phenological stages.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado académico de Magister en Ciencias Forestales
Keywords
Peumo (Árbol) Chile, Adaptación vegetal, Química vegetal