Control de un transformador híbrido con capacidad de filtro activo.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Debido al aumento de las energías renovables en la red de medio voltaje (MV) y bajo voltaje (LV) y el aumento de cargas de alto consumo y altamente no lineales el estrés en el sistema de distribución de energía aumenta, causando problemas en la calidad del suministro tales como como sag, swell, aumento de armónicos y por consiguiente un aumento de pérdidas en el sistema. Los transformadores de baja frecuencia (LFT) si bien son robustos y altamente eficientes no tienen la capacidad de enfrentarse a tales condiciones de operación, lo que causa un mayor deterioro en los equipos, afectando en gran medida su vida útil. Sumado a esto, los LFT dejan a la red expuesta ante variaciones de voltaje y armónicos debido a su nula controlabilidad. Estas condiciones adversas han impulsado el estudio de topologías como el transformador de estado sólido (SST) el cual tiene una gran capacidad de controlabilidad, pero con la condición de tener altos niveles de pérdida energética. En esta memoria de título se estudia la capacidad de compensación de voltaje, reactivos y filtrado de armónicos de un transformador híbrido (HT) monofásico utilizando la topología shunt-series, desacopladores estáticos y lazos de control proporcional integral (PI) logrando compensar sag, swell, corregir factor de potencia (fp) y disminuir la distorsión armónica total (THD). Para validar la operación del sistema se incluyen resultados de simulación obtenidos en PLECS. Éstos corroboran la capacidad de esta topología de HT para compensar variaciones de voltaje de red de hasta un ±20%, corrección de fp de hasta un 0.6 y reducir el THD a la mitad mediante un filtrado activo de los armónicos 3, 5, 7 y 9.
Due to the increase of renewable energies in the medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) grid and the rise of high consumption and highly non-linear load, the stress on the power distribution system increases, causing problems in the quality of energy deliver such as sag, swell, harmonic increase and consequently an increase in system losses. Low frequency transformers (LFT), although robust and highly efficient, do not have the capacity to face such operation conditions, which causes greater deterioration in the equipment, significantly affecting its useful life. Added to this, LFTs leave the network exposed to voltage variations and harmonics due to their null controllability. These adverse conditions have driven the study of topologies such as the solid-state transformer (SST) which have a great capacity of controllability, but with the condition of having high levels of energy loss. In this thesis, the voltage and reactive compensation and harmonic filtering capacity of a monophasic hybrid transformer (HT) using the shunt-series topology with static decouplers and proportional integral (PI) control loops is studied, managing to compensate sag, swell, correct power factor (pf), and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD). To validate the system operation, simulation results obtained in PLECS are included, thus corroborating the capacity of this HT topology to compensate voltage variations of up to a ±20%, pf correction of up to 0.6, and reduce THD by half through active filtering of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th harmonics.
Due to the increase of renewable energies in the medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) grid and the rise of high consumption and highly non-linear load, the stress on the power distribution system increases, causing problems in the quality of energy deliver such as sag, swell, harmonic increase and consequently an increase in system losses. Low frequency transformers (LFT), although robust and highly efficient, do not have the capacity to face such operation conditions, which causes greater deterioration in the equipment, significantly affecting its useful life. Added to this, LFTs leave the network exposed to voltage variations and harmonics due to their null controllability. These adverse conditions have driven the study of topologies such as the solid-state transformer (SST) which have a great capacity of controllability, but with the condition of having high levels of energy loss. In this thesis, the voltage and reactive compensation and harmonic filtering capacity of a monophasic hybrid transformer (HT) using the shunt-series topology with static decouplers and proportional integral (PI) control loops is studied, managing to compensate sag, swell, correct power factor (pf), and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD). To validate the system operation, simulation results obtained in PLECS are included, thus corroborating the capacity of this HT topology to compensate voltage variations of up to a ±20%, pf correction of up to 0.6, and reduce THD by half through active filtering of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th harmonics.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Electrónico/a.
Keywords
Transformadores eléctricos, Controladores eléctricos