Bases para el desarrollo de un modelo de toma de decisiones operacionales de una central de control y coordinación de incendios forestales.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Esta memoria de título tiene el objetivo de establecer las bases teóricas y metodológicas para el desarrollo de un modelo de toma de decisiones operacionales para una gestión en la central de control y coordinación de incendios forestales de la empresa privada CAMBIUM S.A, ubicada en la región del Biobío, encargada del cuidado y mantenimiento de bosques forestales privados.
Para cumplir los objetivos se usó una metodología mixta, que combina técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Utilizando como base para la agrupación de los resultados el modelo de análisis de la actividad propuesto por Leplat y Cuny (1977), para la comprensión del trabajo se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones en terrenos, aplicación de encuestas para la obtención de factores que sirvan para el proceso de toma de decisiones. Además, se aplicó la técnica de incidentes críticos para identificar las áreas más deficitarias.
Como resultado, se logró identificar el desbalance de las actividades, la ausencia de estándares e indicadores de desempeño, la informalidad en el desarrollo de las tareas, la falta de capacitaciones, la temporalidad de los trabajadores y la falta de protocolos en casos de emergencias.
En respuesta a estos hallazgos, se propone la creación de planes de acción, construcción de programas de capacitaciones, la revisión del mobiliario, entregar continuidad de trabajo en la misma empresa y la construcción de indicadores en las etapas de despacho y combate de incendios forestales, consideradas complejas por los trabajadores.
Finalmente, se recomienda continuar con la investigación, donde se validen las propuestas presentadas y se rediseñarán, si es necesario, para obtener el modelo que consiga la eficiencia deseada.
Para la implementación de estas propuestas, debe haber una colaboración de los trabajadores y los investigadores, manera de continuar monitoreando e ir modelando el diseño esperado para la obtención de la eficiencia en la toma de decisiones.
The objective of this thesis is to establish the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of an operational decision making model for the management of the forest fire control and coordination center of the private company CAMBIUM S.A., located in the Biobío region, in charge of the care and maintenance of private forest forests. To meet the objectives, a mixed methodology was used, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. The activity analysis model proposed by Leplat and Cuny (1977) was used as a basis for grouping the results. Semi-structured interviews, field observations, and surveys were used to obtain factors for the decision-making process. In addition, the critical incident technique was applied to identify the most deficient areas. As a result, it was possible to identify the imbalance of activities, the absence of standards and performance indicators, the informality in the development of tasks, the lack of training, the temporary nature of the workers and the lack of protocols in case of emergencies. In response to these findings, it is proposed to create action plans, build training programs, review the furniture, provide continuity of work in the same company and build indicators in the dispatch and forest firefighting stages, considered complex by the workers. Finally, it is recommended to continue with the research, where the proposals presented will be validated and redesigned, if necessary, to obtain the model that achieves the desired efficiency. For the implementation of these proposals, there should be a collaboration between workers and researchers, to continue monitoring and modeling the expected design to obtain efficiency in decision making.
The objective of this thesis is to establish the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of an operational decision making model for the management of the forest fire control and coordination center of the private company CAMBIUM S.A., located in the Biobío region, in charge of the care and maintenance of private forest forests. To meet the objectives, a mixed methodology was used, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. The activity analysis model proposed by Leplat and Cuny (1977) was used as a basis for grouping the results. Semi-structured interviews, field observations, and surveys were used to obtain factors for the decision-making process. In addition, the critical incident technique was applied to identify the most deficient areas. As a result, it was possible to identify the imbalance of activities, the absence of standards and performance indicators, the informality in the development of tasks, the lack of training, the temporary nature of the workers and the lack of protocols in case of emergencies. In response to these findings, it is proposed to create action plans, build training programs, review the furniture, provide continuity of work in the same company and build indicators in the dispatch and forest firefighting stages, considered complex by the workers. Finally, it is recommended to continue with the research, where the proposals presented will be validated and redesigned, if necessary, to obtain the model that achieves the desired efficiency. For the implementation of these proposals, there should be a collaboration between workers and researchers, to continue monitoring and modeling the expected design to obtain efficiency in decision making.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Industrial.
Keywords
Manejo de emergencias, Control de procesos Automatización, Modelos de información