Evaluación del uso del centeno (Secale cereale l.) como cultivo de cobertura para reducir malezas en el cultivo de poroto (Phaseolus vulgaris l.).
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se evaluó el efecto del centeno (Secale cereale L.) como cultivo de cobertura previo al poroto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) durante la temporada 2024 - 2025. El ensayo incluyó seis tratamientos con distintas dosis de siembra (80 - 220 kg ha-1), con y sin herbicida preemergente y un control sin cobertura. Se midieron densidad y composición de malezas a los 53 días después de la siembra (DDS), contenido volumétrico de agua del suelo entre 40 y 83 DDS, contenido de clorofila de hoja (SPAD) entre 41 y 103 DDS y rendimiento y sus componentes a cosecha. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en densidad ni en biomasa total de malezas; no obstante, los tratamientos con centeno o con herbicida preemergente mostraron una tendencia a menor presión respecto del control. La cobertura disminuyó rábano entre hileras, mientras que las variaciones sobre hilera se asociaron a vacíos de establecimiento. El contenido de agua fue mayor a 69 DDS en tratamientos con cobertura y herbicida. El SPAD superó al control solo a 103 DDS. En rendimiento, la dosis más alta (220 kg ha-1) superó al control y a la dosis más baja, mientras que las dosis intermedias resultaron equivalentes. Se concluye que lograr una cobertura efectiva, finalizar oportunamente y asegurar una siembra uniforme es más relevante que aumentar la dosis, permitiendo suprimir malezas, mejorar la humedad del suelo y sostener la productividad del cultivo.
The effect of rye (Secale cereale L.) as a cover crop preceding common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was evaluated during the 2024 - 2025 season. The trial included six treatments with different seeding rates (80 - 220 kg ha-1), with and without a pre - emergent herbicide, plus a no-cover control. Weed density and species composition were assessed 53 days after sowing (DAS), soil volumetric water content between 40 and 83 DAS, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD) between 41 and 103 DAS, and yield and its components at harvest. No statistically significant differences were detected in weed density or total weed biomass; nevertheless, treatments with rye or with a pre-emergent herbicide showed a trend toward lower weed pressure compared with the control. Rye cover reduced wild radish between rows, whereas on-row variation was associated with establishment gaps. Soil water content was higher at 69 DAS in treatments with cover and herbicide. SPAD values exceeded the control only at 103 DAS. Regarding yield, the highest seeding rate (220 kg ha-1) outperformed both the control and the lowest rate, whereas intermediate rates were similar. We conclude that achieving effective cover, timely termination, and uniform sowing are more important than increasing seeding rate, enabling weed suppression, improved soil moisture, and sustained crop productivity.
The effect of rye (Secale cereale L.) as a cover crop preceding common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was evaluated during the 2024 - 2025 season. The trial included six treatments with different seeding rates (80 - 220 kg ha-1), with and without a pre - emergent herbicide, plus a no-cover control. Weed density and species composition were assessed 53 days after sowing (DAS), soil volumetric water content between 40 and 83 DAS, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD) between 41 and 103 DAS, and yield and its components at harvest. No statistically significant differences were detected in weed density or total weed biomass; nevertheless, treatments with rye or with a pre-emergent herbicide showed a trend toward lower weed pressure compared with the control. Rye cover reduced wild radish between rows, whereas on-row variation was associated with establishment gaps. Soil water content was higher at 69 DAS in treatments with cover and herbicide. SPAD values exceeded the control only at 103 DAS. Regarding yield, the highest seeding rate (220 kg ha-1) outperformed both the control and the lowest rate, whereas intermediate rates were similar. We conclude that achieving effective cover, timely termination, and uniform sowing are more important than increasing seeding rate, enabling weed suppression, improved soil moisture, and sustained crop productivity.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a en Agrónomo/a.
Keywords
Malezas Control, Cultivos, Leguminosas, Centeno, Porotos