Contaminación de las nanopartículas de metal en el suelo y sus futuras perspectivas.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La matriz ambiental y la rizosfera del suelo se ven alteradas por agentes contaminantes, entre los que se encuentran las nanopartículas (NPs) de metal provenientes de las actividades antropogénicas. Estas NPs metálicas y derivadas del carbono son materiales cuyo tamaño corresponde a la escala atómica y molecular (1-100 nm). En lo que respecta a las actividades agrícolas sostenibles, los estudios relacionados con este tipo de materiales han ido avanzando y se presagia un importante crecimiento en los reportes de resultados de investigación en el área, debido a la posibilidad de incrementar su uso, tanto a nivel agroindustrial, como en la producción de alimentos y el desarrollo de técnicas amigables con la preservación y conservación del medio ambiente. A pesar de los efectos benéficos que genera el uso de las NPs en la preservación del equilibrio del medio ambiente, como p.ej. el desarrollo de pesticidas más específicos o la remediación de los suelos; aún continúa la preocupación sobre los efectos colaterales asociados con el mal uso y el destino final de las NPs en el ambiente. Por ello, se realiza la presente investigación bibliográfica con el objetivo de dar a conocer y evaluar la información relacionada con los efectos de las NPs y su interacción con los agro-ecosistemas, para así describir cuál es la procedencia de la contaminación por NPs, las posibles consecuencias y los daños que provocan a nivel de suelo, microbiota y plantas.
Polluting agents alter the environmental matrix and soil rhizosphere, including metal nanoparticles from anthropogenic activities. These metallic and carbon-derived NPs are materials whose sizes correspond to atomic and molecular scale (1-100 nm). Regarding sustainable agricultural activities, studies related to this type of material have been advancing, and an important growth is predicted in the reports of research results in the area, due to the possibility of increasing their use, both in industrial agriculture, such as food production, and the development of friendly techniques with the preservation and conservation of the environment. Although the beneficial effects of the use of nanoparticles in preserving the balance of the environment are evident, such as the development of more pesticides that are specific to soil remediation, there is still concern about the collateral effects associated with misuse and the consequent final fate of NPs in the environment. In this sense, the present bibliographic research is carried out with the objective of identifying and evaluating the information related to the effects of NPs and their interaction with agro ecosystems to describe the origin of contamination by NPs. Possible consequences and damage at the soil, microbiota, and plant levels.
Polluting agents alter the environmental matrix and soil rhizosphere, including metal nanoparticles from anthropogenic activities. These metallic and carbon-derived NPs are materials whose sizes correspond to atomic and molecular scale (1-100 nm). Regarding sustainable agricultural activities, studies related to this type of material have been advancing, and an important growth is predicted in the reports of research results in the area, due to the possibility of increasing their use, both in industrial agriculture, such as food production, and the development of friendly techniques with the preservation and conservation of the environment. Although the beneficial effects of the use of nanoparticles in preserving the balance of the environment are evident, such as the development of more pesticides that are specific to soil remediation, there is still concern about the collateral effects associated with misuse and the consequent final fate of NPs in the environment. In this sense, the present bibliographic research is carried out with the objective of identifying and evaluating the information related to the effects of NPs and their interaction with agro ecosystems to describe the origin of contamination by NPs. Possible consequences and damage at the soil, microbiota, and plant levels.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Agrónomo/a.
Keywords
Agricultura sustentable, Ecosistemas, Nanotecnología