Análisis del riesgo de incendio forestal en San Juan Bautista, Archipiélago de Juan Fernández.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Durante las últimas décadas, los incendios forestales se han vuelto más frecuentes y han aumentado sus niveles de riesgo tanto a escala mundial como nacional, complejizándose en cuanto al manejo en territorios insulares como en el caso de la isla de Robinson Crusoe. Es por esto que surge la necesidad de esta investigación, la cual tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos evaluar el riesgo de incendios forestales considerando la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad, en la interfaz urbano forestal de la aldea de San Juan Bautista, isla Robinson Crusoe del Archipiélago de Juan Fernández, a través de metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas de análisis espacial, con el fin de entregar herramientas técnicas claves para la gestión del riesgo de desastre a los gestores y tomadores de decisiones locales.
En cuanto a la evaluación de los niveles de amenaza se empleó una investigación cuantitativa en base a la metodología propuesta por el Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), 2011. Por otro lado, la vulnerabilidad por exposición fue analizada en base a la metodología propuesta por Albarracín & Vera (2017). Finalmente se complementó la investigación empleando el análisis de datos cuantitativos mediante la implementación de encuestas a los residentes del área de estudio.
En la presente investigación fue posible identificar que para el área de estudio de la interfaz urbano-forestal de la aldea de San Juan Bautista existe un alto riesgo de incendios forestales (47,05%) asociado a una multiplicidad de factores como la densa vegetación con especies de rápida propagación, condiciones climáticas, relieve, accesibilidad e infraestructura. A esto se suma la vulnerabilidad aportada por los instrumentos de planificación territorial y por el desconocimiento general de la población en materia de incendios lo cual vuelve a la comuna de Juan Fernández una comuna altamente susceptible ante un eventual incendio forestal.
Over the last decades, forest fires have become more frequent and their risk levels have increased both globally and nationally, becoming more complex in terms of management in island territories such as Robinson Crusoe Island. This is why the need for this research arises, which has as one of its main objectives to evaluate the risk of forest fires considering the threat and vulnerability, in the urban-forest interface of the village of San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, through qualitative and quantitative methodologies of spatial analysis, in order to provide key technical tools for disaster risk management to local managers and decision makers. Regarding the evaluation of threat levels, a quantitative research was used based on the methodology proposed by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), 2011. On the other hand, vulnerability due to exposure was analyzed based on the methodology proposed by Albarracín & Vera (2017). Finally, the research was complemented by using quantitative data analysis through the implementation of surveys to the residents of the study area. In this research it was possible to identify that for the study area of the urban-forest interface of the village of San Juan Bautista there is a high risk of forest fires (47.05%) associated with a multiplicity of factors such as dense vegetation with species that spread rapidly, climatic conditions, relief, accessibility and infrastructure. Added to this is the vulnerability provided by the territorial planning instruments and by the general lack of knowledge of the population regarding fires, which makes the commune of Juan Fernández a highly susceptible commune to a possible forest fire.
Over the last decades, forest fires have become more frequent and their risk levels have increased both globally and nationally, becoming more complex in terms of management in island territories such as Robinson Crusoe Island. This is why the need for this research arises, which has as one of its main objectives to evaluate the risk of forest fires considering the threat and vulnerability, in the urban-forest interface of the village of San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, through qualitative and quantitative methodologies of spatial analysis, in order to provide key technical tools for disaster risk management to local managers and decision makers. Regarding the evaluation of threat levels, a quantitative research was used based on the methodology proposed by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), 2011. On the other hand, vulnerability due to exposure was analyzed based on the methodology proposed by Albarracín & Vera (2017). Finally, the research was complemented by using quantitative data analysis through the implementation of surveys to the residents of the study area. In this research it was possible to identify that for the study area of the urban-forest interface of the village of San Juan Bautista there is a high risk of forest fires (47.05%) associated with a multiplicity of factors such as dense vegetation with species that spread rapidly, climatic conditions, relief, accessibility and infrastructure. Added to this is the vulnerability provided by the territorial planning instruments and by the general lack of knowledge of the population regarding fires, which makes the commune of Juan Fernández a highly susceptible commune to a possible forest fire.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Geógrafo
Keywords
Riesgo de incendios forestales, Urbanización Aspectos ambientales, Isla Robinson Crusoe (Chile)