Uso de bacterias psicrotolerantes de origen antártico para el control biológico de Phlyctema vagabunda en poscosecha de manzanas
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Phlyctema vagabunda es el agente causal de la podredumbre ojo de buey, enfermedad que produce grandes pérdidas económicas en la poscosecha de manzanas. El control de la enfermedad es a través del uso de fungicidas sintéticos, pero el incremento en la preocupación por el uso de químicos y los efectos secundarios que estos puedan generar a través de los residuos que permanecen en la fruta, ha llevado a buscar alternativas para el control de enfermedades que sean libres de químicos, como el control biológico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar 23 cepas de bacterias psicrotolerantes previamente aisladas desde la rizósfera de plantas antárticas, para el control de P. vagabunda en poscosecha de manzanas. Se realizaron ensayos in vitro e in vivo para determinar la actividad antagonista de las bacterias sobre el patógeno. Las bacterias AG-157 y AG-161 correspondiente a Pedobacter cryoconitis y Pseudomonas graminis respectivamente, presentan actividad antagonista frente a P. vagabunda en condiciones in vivo, sin embargo, la cepa AG-157 fue la que presentó mayor actividad antagonista frente al patógeno, reduciendo la incidencia de la enfermedad en un 52 % y 69 %, cuando fue evaluado en fruta a 0 °C y a 20 °C, respectivamente.
Phlyctema vagabunda is the causative agent of bull's-eye rot, a disease that causes major economic losses in post-harvest apples. The disease is controlled by the use of synthetic fungicides, but the increasing concern about the use of chemicals and the side effects that can be caused by the residues that will remain in the fruit has led to the search for alternatives for disease control that are free of chemicals, such as biological control. The objective of this research was to evaluate 23 previously isolated strains of psychrotolerant bacteria of Antarctic origin, for the control of P. vagabunda in apple postharvest. In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to determine the antagonistic activity of the strains against the pathogen. The AG-157 and AG-161 bacterial strains, corresponding to Pedobacter cryoconitis and Pseudomonas graminis respectively, showed antagonistic activity against P. vagabunda under in vivo conditions. However, the strain AG-157 showed the greatest antagonistic activity against the pathogen, reducing the incidence of the disease in 52 % and 69 %, when evaluated in fruit at 0 °C and at 20 °C, respectively.
Phlyctema vagabunda is the causative agent of bull's-eye rot, a disease that causes major economic losses in post-harvest apples. The disease is controlled by the use of synthetic fungicides, but the increasing concern about the use of chemicals and the side effects that can be caused by the residues that will remain in the fruit has led to the search for alternatives for disease control that are free of chemicals, such as biological control. The objective of this research was to evaluate 23 previously isolated strains of psychrotolerant bacteria of Antarctic origin, for the control of P. vagabunda in apple postharvest. In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to determine the antagonistic activity of the strains against the pathogen. The AG-157 and AG-161 bacterial strains, corresponding to Pedobacter cryoconitis and Pseudomonas graminis respectively, showed antagonistic activity against P. vagabunda under in vivo conditions. However, the strain AG-157 showed the greatest antagonistic activity against the pathogen, reducing the incidence of the disease in 52 % and 69 %, when evaluated in fruit at 0 °C and at 20 °C, respectively.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniera Agrónoma
Keywords
Manzanas - Calidad, Manzanas - Enfermedades y plagas - Chile, Bacterias patógenas