Refugios bioculturales: atributos bioculturales, amenazas y sus relaciones con las áreas protegidas de humedales costeros del centrosur de Chile.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las áreas protegidas asociadas a humedales han centrado históricamente sus esfuerzos en conservar sus componentes biofísicos por sobre otros aspectos culturales, ecológicos y sociales fundamentales para su resiliencia, a pesar de ser reconocidos como refugios bioculturales y ecosistemas clave para el bienestar humano e identidad local. Este estudio evaluó la cobertura de protección de atributos bioculturales y el abordaje de amenazas de tres humedales costeros protegidos entre el Biobío y la Araucanía (Humedal Urbano Estero el Molino, Santuario de la Naturaleza Tubul Raqui y Sitio Ramsar Monkul). Estos se encuentran en un gradiente desde zonas industrializadas hasta territorios reconocidos por su diversidad biocultural. Para ello, se identificaron y espacializaron atributos y amenazas utilizando los Inventarios Culturales Rápidos de la Convención Ramsar. Luego, cada atributo fue reclasificado dentro de categorías de Refugios Bioculturales y contabilizado dentro y fuera de los límites del área protegida. Los resultados indican que (i) solo 21% de los atributos y 10% de las amenazas están contenidas dentro del área, siendo (ii) las desembocaduras los lugares que concentran la mayor parte atributos bioculturales. Se especula que otros factores, como la falta de acceso para las personas al humedal, limita el reconocimiento de sus atributos. Se sugiere replantear, desde una aproximación biocultural la protección de los humedales, priorizando participativamente conocimientos intercientíficos y saberes locales.
Protected areas associated with wetlands have historically focused their efforts on conserving their biophysical components over other cultural, ecological and social aspects that are fundamental for their resilience, despite being recognized as biocultural refuges and key ecosystems for human well-being and local identity. This study evaluated the protection coverage of biocultural attributes and the approach to threats of three protected coastal wetlands between Biobío and Araucanía (Estero el Molino Urban Wetland, Tubul Raqui Nature Sanctuary and Monkul Ramsar Site). These are located on a gradient from industrialized areas to territories recognized for their biocultural diversity. For this, attributes and threats were identified and spatialized using the Rapid Cultural Inventories of the Ramsar Convention. Then, each attribute was reclassified into Biocultural Refuge categories and counted inside and outside the protected area boundaries. The results indicate that (i) only 21% of the attributes and 10% of the threats are contained within the area, with (ii) the mouths being the places that concentrate most biocultural attributes. It is speculated that other factors, such as the lack of access for people to the wetland, limit the recognition of its attributes. It is suggested that the protection of wetlands should be rethought from a biocultural approach, prioritizing inter-scientific knowledge and local knowledge in a participatory manner.
Protected areas associated with wetlands have historically focused their efforts on conserving their biophysical components over other cultural, ecological and social aspects that are fundamental for their resilience, despite being recognized as biocultural refuges and key ecosystems for human well-being and local identity. This study evaluated the protection coverage of biocultural attributes and the approach to threats of three protected coastal wetlands between Biobío and Araucanía (Estero el Molino Urban Wetland, Tubul Raqui Nature Sanctuary and Monkul Ramsar Site). These are located on a gradient from industrialized areas to territories recognized for their biocultural diversity. For this, attributes and threats were identified and spatialized using the Rapid Cultural Inventories of the Ramsar Convention. Then, each attribute was reclassified into Biocultural Refuge categories and counted inside and outside the protected area boundaries. The results indicate that (i) only 21% of the attributes and 10% of the threats are contained within the area, with (ii) the mouths being the places that concentrate most biocultural attributes. It is speculated that other factors, such as the lack of access for people to the wetland, limit the recognition of its attributes. It is suggested that the protection of wetlands should be rethought from a biocultural approach, prioritizing inter-scientific knowledge and local knowledge in a participatory manner.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniera en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Ecosistemas, Humedales, Conservación de la biodiversidad