Perfil enzimático extracelular de morchella spp. del centro-sur de Chile cultivadas bajo diferentes condiciones de fermentación.
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Morchella spp. es un hongo comestible ampliamente utilizado por sus propiedades culinarias y medicinales, capaz de presentar diferencias morfológicas en distintas fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno, asociando este comportamiento a una producción enzimática característica. Sin embargo, la información acerca de estudios de producción de enzimas por Morchella spp. bajo diferentes condiciones de cultivo es aún muy limitada debido a la gran plasticidad de las especies. En este estudio 8 cepas de Morchella pertenecientes a 4 especies diferentes (M. eximia 153 y 236, M. importuna 237 y 239, M. andinensis 118 y 223, M. tridentina 226 y 251), han sido analizadas cualitativa y cuantitativamente para evaluar la producción de enzimas hidrolíticas y oxidativas al ser cultivadas en condiciones de fermentación sólida, líquida y semi-sólida en presencia de sustratos lignocelulósicos. Inicialmente, se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo (screening) en medio sólido, donde se confirmó la existencia de diferencias intra- e interespecíficas en la producción de endoglucanasas, xilanasas, amilasas y pectinasas, demostrando que Morchella spp. es capaz de utilizar y degradar distintos tipos de polisacáridos, además de proteínas y lípidos. La oxidación del sustrato ABTS sugirió la capacidad de degradación/modificación de lignina de todas las cepas. A partir de estos resultados se escogieron tres especies (M. eximia 153, M. importuna 239 y M. andinensis 223) para evaluar cuantitativamente la producción de enzimas en medio líquido extracto de malta (EM) y papa-dextrosa (PD). Una variedad de enzimas fue detectada en estas condiciones, y la actividad fue mucho mayor en medio PD que EM, siendo M. eximia, M. andinensis y M. importuna las que presentaron la mayor actividad de endoglucanasas, amilasas y fosfatasas, respectivamente. Bajo fermentación semisólida, M. importuna (239) produjo la mayor actividad de endoglucanasas en aserrín de roble, mientras que el resto de las enzimas evaluadas fue similar entre las especies, pero significativamente (p<0,05) distintas entre los sustratos evaluados. Además, se detectó actividad oxidativa en las especies en presencia de granos de trigo, con M. andinensis produciendo la mayor actividad. Estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de la capacidad enzimática degradativa en especies de Morchella del centro-sur de Chile.
Morchella spp. is an edible fungus widely used for its culinary and medicinal properties, capable of presenting morphological differences in different carbon and nitrogen sources, associating this behavior to a characteristic enzyme production. However, information about enzyme production studies by Morchella spp. under different culture conditions is still very limited due to the great plasticity of the species. In this study 8 strains of Morchella belonging to 4 different species (M. eximia 153 and 236, M. importuna 237 and 239, M. andinensis 118 and 223, M. tridentina 226 and 251), have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to evaluate the production of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes when cultured under solid, liquid and semi-solid fermentation conditions in the presence of lignocellulosic substrates. Initially, a qualitative analysis (screening) was carried out in solid medium, which confirmed the existence of intra- and interspecific differences in the production of endoglucanases, xylanases, amylases and pectinases, demonstrating that Morchella spp. are capable of utilizing and degrading different types of polysaccharides, in addition to proteins and lipids. The oxidation of the ABTS substrate suggested the lignin degradation/modification capacity of all strains. From these results, three species (M. eximia 153, M. importuna 239 and M. andinensis 239) were chosen to quantitatively evaluate enzyme production in malt extract (ME) and potato-dextrose (PD) liquid medium. A variety of enzymes were detected under these conditions, and the activity was much higher in PD medium than EM, with M. eximia, M. andinensis and M. importuna showing the highest activity of endoglucanases, amylases and phosphatases, respectively. Under semi-solid fermentation, M. importuna (239) produced the highest endoglucanase activity on oak sawdust, while the rest of the enzymes evaluated were similar among species, but significantly (p<0.05) different among the substrates evaluated. In addition, oxidative activity was detected in the presence of wheat grains, with M. andinensis producing the highest activity. These results contribute to the knowledge of the enzymatic degradative capacity of Morchella species from central-southern Chile
Morchella spp. is an edible fungus widely used for its culinary and medicinal properties, capable of presenting morphological differences in different carbon and nitrogen sources, associating this behavior to a characteristic enzyme production. However, information about enzyme production studies by Morchella spp. under different culture conditions is still very limited due to the great plasticity of the species. In this study 8 strains of Morchella belonging to 4 different species (M. eximia 153 and 236, M. importuna 237 and 239, M. andinensis 118 and 223, M. tridentina 226 and 251), have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to evaluate the production of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes when cultured under solid, liquid and semi-solid fermentation conditions in the presence of lignocellulosic substrates. Initially, a qualitative analysis (screening) was carried out in solid medium, which confirmed the existence of intra- and interspecific differences in the production of endoglucanases, xylanases, amylases and pectinases, demonstrating that Morchella spp. are capable of utilizing and degrading different types of polysaccharides, in addition to proteins and lipids. The oxidation of the ABTS substrate suggested the lignin degradation/modification capacity of all strains. From these results, three species (M. eximia 153, M. importuna 239 and M. andinensis 239) were chosen to quantitatively evaluate enzyme production in malt extract (ME) and potato-dextrose (PD) liquid medium. A variety of enzymes were detected under these conditions, and the activity was much higher in PD medium than EM, with M. eximia, M. andinensis and M. importuna showing the highest activity of endoglucanases, amylases and phosphatases, respectively. Under semi-solid fermentation, M. importuna (239) produced the highest endoglucanase activity on oak sawdust, while the rest of the enzymes evaluated were similar among species, but significantly (p<0.05) different among the substrates evaluated. In addition, oxidative activity was detected in the presence of wheat grains, with M. andinensis producing the highest activity. These results contribute to the knowledge of the enzymatic degradative capacity of Morchella species from central-southern Chile
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a en Biotecnología Vegetal.