Inducción de tolerancia al estrés por congelamiento en híbridos de Eucalyptus nitens x Eucalyptus globulus mediante la aplicación foliar de alcohol polivinílico y ácido salicílico.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Eucalyptus spp es usado en la industria maderera y papelera, tiene una gran adaptabilidad, pero el estrés por frío limita su productividad. Este estudio evaluó la aplicación foliar de compuestos para mejorar su tolerancia al congelamiento y facilitar su cultivo en zonas frías. En este estudio se utilizaron 300 plantas dispuestas en bloques, las cuales fueron sometidas a heladas controladas, simulando condiciones de aclimatación y desaclimatación al frío. A estas plantas se les aplicó ácido salicílico (AS), fitohormona reguladora del estrés, y alcohol polivinílico (PVA), barrera contra cristales de hielo. Los tratamientos fueron AS (2,5 mM y 5 mM) y PVA (1% y 1,5%), comparados con un control (sin producto). Se midió daño foliar, fotosíntesis, fluorescencia y supervivencia.
Los resultados mostraron que, aunque ambos compuestos redujeron el daño foliar, las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas en la mayoría de los análisis. Sin embargo, en un genotipo aclimatado, el PVA al 1,5% redujo el daño foliar (10%) respecto al AS al 2,5 mM (40%), sin diferencias significativas respecto al control. En plantas desaclimatadas, no hubo diferencias significativas entre la mayoría de los tratamientos. Los resultados no confirmaron una mayor tolerancia a las heladas en plantas, ni una mayor eficacia del PVA sobre el AS. A pesar de que su uso podría no ser efectivo en condiciones de campo para heladas tardías, podría aplicarse en viveros con base en pronósticos climáticos. Se recomienda optimizar condiciones experimentales, ajustar concentraciones y explorar sinergias entre compuestos en futuras investigaciones.
Eucalyptus spp is used in the timber and paper industry, has great adaptability, but the cold stress limits its productivity. This study evaluated the foliar application of compounds to improve freezing tolerance and facilitate their cultivation in colder zones. A total of 300 plants were arranged in blocks and subjected to controlled frosts, simulating acclimation and deacclimated conditions. These plants were treated with salicylic acid (SA), a stress regulator phytohormone, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), wich acts as a barrier against ice crystals. The treatments were SA (2.5 mM and 5 mM) and PVA (1% and 1.5%), compared to a control (no product). Leaf damage, photosynthesis, fluorescence and survivor were measured. The results showed that, although both compounds reduced foliar damage, the differences were not statistically significant in most of the analysis. However, in an acclimated genotype, the PVA at 1.5% reduced the foliar damage (10%) compared to SA at 2.5mM (40%), with no significant differences relative to the control. In deacclimated plants, there were no significant differences between most of the treatments. The results did not confirm increased frost tolerance or a higher efficacy of PVA over SA. Although its use might not be effective under field conditions for late frosts, it could be applied in nurseries based on weather forecasts. It’s recommended to optimize experimental conditions, adjust concentrations and explore potential synergies between compounds in future research.
Eucalyptus spp is used in the timber and paper industry, has great adaptability, but the cold stress limits its productivity. This study evaluated the foliar application of compounds to improve freezing tolerance and facilitate their cultivation in colder zones. A total of 300 plants were arranged in blocks and subjected to controlled frosts, simulating acclimation and deacclimated conditions. These plants were treated with salicylic acid (SA), a stress regulator phytohormone, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), wich acts as a barrier against ice crystals. The treatments were SA (2.5 mM and 5 mM) and PVA (1% and 1.5%), compared to a control (no product). Leaf damage, photosynthesis, fluorescence and survivor were measured. The results showed that, although both compounds reduced foliar damage, the differences were not statistically significant in most of the analysis. However, in an acclimated genotype, the PVA at 1.5% reduced the foliar damage (10%) compared to SA at 2.5mM (40%), with no significant differences relative to the control. In deacclimated plants, there were no significant differences between most of the treatments. The results did not confirm increased frost tolerance or a higher efficacy of PVA over SA. Although its use might not be effective under field conditions for late frosts, it could be applied in nurseries based on weather forecasts. It’s recommended to optimize experimental conditions, adjust concentrations and explore potential synergies between compounds in future research.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero en Biotecnología Vegetal
Keywords
Eucaliptos, Fisiología vegetal, Heladas