La memoria infinita: Traducción de culturemas como transmisores de emociones en el español de Chile.
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Fecha
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Resumen
En los últimos años el género documental ha destacado dentro de la industria cinematográfica debido a su multiplicidad y carácter experimental que se reflejan en muchas de sus obras. Además, estas producciones audiovisuales suelen ser consideradas por su autenticidad y representan, muchas veces, aspectos culturales propios de una comunidad, como lo es el lenguaje. En vista de lo anterior, esta investigación busca determinar cómo se ven afectados los culturemas en la subtitulación al inglés del documental La Memoria Infinita respecto a la transmisión de emociones en el español de Chile. Para lograr este propósito se identificaron y clasificaron los culturemas presentes en el documental de acuerdo con la metodología propuesta por Igareda (2011) y se contrastaron con sus equivalentes en la traducción al inglés. Para definir la muestra se establecieron aquellos culturemas que transmitían una emoción positiva, negativa o ambigua, según la clasificación de Bisquerra (2014), y de qué manera se manifestaban, si por contexto, comunicación verbal (CV) o comunicación no verbal (CNV), lo que resultó en una muestra final de 15 culturemas. El análisis consistió en comparar la transmisión de emociones en la subtitulación al inglés, valorando si estas se conservaban, se neutralizaban o se perdían. Además, como herramienta complementaria, se llevó a cabo una instancia exploratoria con la participación de tres personas extranjeras, cuyo idioma nativo era el inglés y tenían dominio del español de Chile, quienes también hicieron una valoración de la transmisión de emociones en cada uno de los casos. Los resultados generales concluyeron que seis casos conservaron la emoción de manera efectiva, cuatro mostraron una tendencia a la conservación, cuatro a la neutralización y solo uno no obtuvo una tendencia específica. Los hallazgos revelan que un aproximado del 40% de los culturemas analizados conservó la emoción establecida, es decir, no se vieron afectados en la subtitulación al inglés.
The documentary film genre has gained prominence over the last few years due to its diversity and experimental nature, which are reflected in many of its works. In addition, these audiovisual productions are often valued for their authenticity and frequently represent cultural aspects specific to a community, such as language. Considering the above, this research aims to determine how cultural-specific terms are affected in the English subtitling of the documentary La Memoria Infinita (2023) in terms of the transmission of emotions in Chilean Spanish. For this purpose, the cultural-specific terms were identified and classified in the documentary according to the methodology proposed by Igareda (2011) and compared with their equivalents in the English translation. To define the sample, we established those cultural-specific terms that transmitted a positive, negative, or ambiguous emotion, according to Bisquerra's (2014) classification, and how they were manifested, whether by context, verbal communication (CV), or nonverbal communication (CNV). This process resulted in a final sample of 15 cultural-specific terms. The analysis consisted of comparing the transmission of emotions in the English subtitling, by evaluating whether they were preserved, neutralized, or lost. Furthermore, as a complementary tool, an exploratory instance was conducted with the participation of three foreign individuals whose native language was English and who also had knowledge of Chilean Spanish. They also estimated the transmission of emotions in each of the cases. The overall results concluded that six cases effectively preserved the emotion, four showed a tendency toward preservation, four toward neutralization, and only one did not show a specific tendency. The findings reveal that approximately 40% of the cultural-specific terms analyzed maintained the established emotion, meaning they were not affected in the English subtitling.
The documentary film genre has gained prominence over the last few years due to its diversity and experimental nature, which are reflected in many of its works. In addition, these audiovisual productions are often valued for their authenticity and frequently represent cultural aspects specific to a community, such as language. Considering the above, this research aims to determine how cultural-specific terms are affected in the English subtitling of the documentary La Memoria Infinita (2023) in terms of the transmission of emotions in Chilean Spanish. For this purpose, the cultural-specific terms were identified and classified in the documentary according to the methodology proposed by Igareda (2011) and compared with their equivalents in the English translation. To define the sample, we established those cultural-specific terms that transmitted a positive, negative, or ambiguous emotion, according to Bisquerra's (2014) classification, and how they were manifested, whether by context, verbal communication (CV), or nonverbal communication (CNV). This process resulted in a final sample of 15 cultural-specific terms. The analysis consisted of comparing the transmission of emotions in the English subtitling, by evaluating whether they were preserved, neutralized, or lost. Furthermore, as a complementary tool, an exploratory instance was conducted with the participation of three foreign individuals whose native language was English and who also had knowledge of Chilean Spanish. They also estimated the transmission of emotions in each of the cases. The overall results concluded that six cases effectively preserved the emotion, four showed a tendency toward preservation, four toward neutralization, and only one did not show a specific tendency. The findings reveal that approximately 40% of the cultural-specific terms analyzed maintained the established emotion, meaning they were not affected in the English subtitling.
Descripción
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Licenciado en Traductología.
Palabras clave
Traducción e interpretación, Lenguaje y cultura, Cine documental