Influencia del automanejo, la autoeficacia y las variables biosociodemográficas en los indicadores de resultado clínico de personas con diabetes mellitus 2.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Introducción: El automanejo y la autoeficacia pueden ser considerados como piedra angular del cuidado de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2; sin embargo, a pesar de las recomendaciones disponibles para mejorar el automanejo y autoeficacia, el nivel de logro de la meta terapéutica de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sigue siendo bajo en Chile.
Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del automanejo, la autoeficacia y las variables biosociodemográficas en los indicadores de resultado clínico en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un Centro de Salud Familiar de la comuna de Hualpén, Chile.
Método: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional el cual utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: cuestionario biosociodemográfico, escala Socios en Salud para medir automanejo y escala de Autoeficacia General.
Resultados: Participaron 104 personas, en su mayoría mujeres (64,4%), el promedio de edad fue de 55,6 años. El nivel de automanejo y autoeficacia fue en general alto (61,5% y 56,7% respectivamente). Respecto a los indicadores clínicos, un 40,3% presentó hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) < a 7%, un 41,3% presentó una presión arterial < a 140/90mmHg, un 27,9% mostró niveles de colesterol LDL < a 70mg/dL y solo un 6,7% presentó peso normal según IMC. En los modelos de regresión, HbA1c se asoció significativamente con edad, nivel educacional superior, estado civil viudo/a, automanejo, uso de insulina, tiempo de diagnóstico >10 años y antecedentes familiares de DM2. Mientras que la presión arterial sistólica se asoció con autoeficacia y la presión arterial diastólica con automanejo. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas con el IMC. Estos hallazgos sugieren que tanto las características biosociodemográficas, el nivel de automanejo y autoeficacia pueden influir en el control clínico de personas con DM2, lo que podría orientar futuras intervenciones de enfermería y salud pública.
Aspectos éticos: Este estudio se realizó de acuerdo con los principios éticos de Ezequiel Emanuel, además de ser evaluado por Comité Ético Científico de Facultad de Enfermería, Comité de Ética, Bioética y Bioseguridad de la Universidad de Concepción y Comité Ético Científico del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano.
Introduction: Self-management and self-efficacy can be considered the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus care. However, despite available recommendations to improve self-management and self-efficacy, the level of therapeutic goal achievement among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains low in Chile. Objective: To determine the influence of self-management, self efficacy, and biosociodemographic variables on clinical outcome indicators in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a Family Health Center in the commune of Hualpén, Chile. Method: A descriptive and correlational study using non-probability convenience sampling. The instruments used were a biosociodemographic questionnaire, a Socios en Salud self-management scale, and a General Self Efficacy scale. Results: A total of 104 participants participated, mostly women (64.4%). The average age was 55.6 years. Self-management and self-efficacy were generally high (61.5% and 56.7%, respectively). Regarding clinical indicators, 40.3% had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 10 years, and family history of T2DM. Systolic blood pressure was affected by self-efficacy, and diastolic blood pressure by self-management. No significant associations with BMI were found. These findings suggest that biosociodemographic characteristics, self-management level, and self-efficacy may influence the clinical management of individuals with T2DM, which could guide future nursing and public health interventions. Ethical aspects: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Ezequiel Emanuel and was evaluated by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, the Ethics, Bioethics, and Biosafety Committee of the University of Concepción, and the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Talcahuano Health Service.
Introduction: Self-management and self-efficacy can be considered the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus care. However, despite available recommendations to improve self-management and self-efficacy, the level of therapeutic goal achievement among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains low in Chile. Objective: To determine the influence of self-management, self efficacy, and biosociodemographic variables on clinical outcome indicators in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a Family Health Center in the commune of Hualpén, Chile. Method: A descriptive and correlational study using non-probability convenience sampling. The instruments used were a biosociodemographic questionnaire, a Socios en Salud self-management scale, and a General Self Efficacy scale. Results: A total of 104 participants participated, mostly women (64.4%). The average age was 55.6 years. Self-management and self-efficacy were generally high (61.5% and 56.7%, respectively). Regarding clinical indicators, 40.3% had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 10 years, and family history of T2DM. Systolic blood pressure was affected by self-efficacy, and diastolic blood pressure by self-management. No significant associations with BMI were found. These findings suggest that biosociodemographic characteristics, self-management level, and self-efficacy may influence the clinical management of individuals with T2DM, which could guide future nursing and public health interventions. Ethical aspects: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Ezequiel Emanuel and was evaluated by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, the Ethics, Bioethics, and Biosafety Committee of the University of Concepción, and the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Talcahuano Health Service.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Enfermería.
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Indicadores de salud, Enfermedades crónicas