Contaminación de micro y nanoplásticos en suelos agrícolas
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La plasticultura es una actividad que se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas, permitiendo optimizar los sistemas productivos. Sin embargo, el incorrecto manejo de los plásticos finalizada su vida útil ha generado una significativa fuente de contaminación micro- y nanoplástica en los suelos agrícolas. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo analizar los principales avances científicos relativos a la identificación del ingreso de plásticos en suelos agrícolas, sus implicancias ambientales y avances en técnicas analíticas de detección, con proyección hacia las técnicas de remediación. Los micro y nanoplásticos ingresan al suelo mediante fuentes primarias, como las aplicaciones de compost y lodos; como también, mediante fuentes secundarias, a través de los distintos usos que abarca la plasticultura. Estas partículas son capaces de causar distintos efectos en los suelos para cada una de sus propiedades; sin embargo, los resultados son todavía poco concluyentes y muy variados. Se ha demostrado que la contaminación microplástica ha logrado ingresar en los tejidos vegetales durante sus primeros estadios, afectando la productividad de especies como Daucus carota L; y también, mediando su interacción con metales traza. Los resultados aún son heterogéneos y las técnicas de análisis no están del todo estandarizadas, dadas las dificultades en la identificación y cuantificación de partículas plásticas en los suelos.
Plasticulture is an activity that has increased in recent decades, allowing the optimization of production systems. However, the incorrect handling of plastics at the end of their useful life has generated a significant source of micro and nanoplastic contamination in agricultural soils. The objective of this review is to analyze the main scientific advances related to the identification of the entry of plastics in agricultural soils, their environmental implications, and advances in analytical detection techniques, with projection towards remediation techniques. Micro- and nanoplastics enter the soil through primary sources, such as compost and sludge applications; as well as through secondary sources, through the different uses covered by plasticulture. These particles can cause different effects on soils for each of their properties; however, results are still inconclusive and varied. It has been demonstrated that microplastic contamination has managed to enter plant tissues during their early stages, affecting the productivity of species such as Daucus carota; and mediating their interaction with trace metals. The results are still heterogeneous, and the analysis techniques are not completely standardized, given the difficulties in the identification and quantification of plastic particles in soils.
Plasticulture is an activity that has increased in recent decades, allowing the optimization of production systems. However, the incorrect handling of plastics at the end of their useful life has generated a significant source of micro and nanoplastic contamination in agricultural soils. The objective of this review is to analyze the main scientific advances related to the identification of the entry of plastics in agricultural soils, their environmental implications, and advances in analytical detection techniques, with projection towards remediation techniques. Micro- and nanoplastics enter the soil through primary sources, such as compost and sludge applications; as well as through secondary sources, through the different uses covered by plasticulture. These particles can cause different effects on soils for each of their properties; however, results are still inconclusive and varied. It has been demonstrated that microplastic contamination has managed to enter plant tissues during their early stages, affecting the productivity of species such as Daucus carota; and mediating their interaction with trace metals. The results are still heterogeneous, and the analysis techniques are not completely standardized, given the difficulties in the identification and quantification of plastic particles in soils.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Suelos - Contaminacion, Plásticos Residuos, Remediación de suelos