Diseño e implementación de un sistema de comunicaciones inalámbricas para IoT industrial basado en ESP32 y el módulo LoRa.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La creciente necesidad de soluciones de conectividad confiables, de bajo consumo energético y largo alcance en entornos industriales ha impulsado el desarrollo de tecnologías inalámbricas especializadas. En este contexto, la presente tesis propone el diseño e implementación de un sistema de comunicaciones inalámbricas multipunto basado en el microcontrolador ESP32 y el módulo LoRa E22-400M30S, que integra el chip SX1268 de Semtech. A diferencia de los módulos LoRa preconfigurados mediante UART, este enfoque ofrece control completo del stack de comunicación mediante SPI, lo que permite implementar una capa MAC personalizada y ajustar parámetros como el Spreading Factor, el ancho de banda y la tasa de codificación.
El trabajo se estructura en tres niveles: modulación Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS), desarrollo de firmware en el entorno ESP-IDF con tareas concurrentes en FreeRTOS, y validación experimental de las métricas de calidad del enlace (RSSI, SNR, ACK). Los resultados obtenidos muestran una comunicación confiable en condiciones de baja obstrucción, alcanzando hasta un 70% de éxito en escenarios donde la retransmisión de tramas es necesaria, lo que confirma la resiliencia de la modulación CSS y la adaptabilidad del sistema propuesto. La solución constituye un avance hacia la implementación de nodos IoT industriales autónomos, configurables y eficientes.
The growing need for reliable, low-power, and long-range connectivity solutions in industrial environments has driven the development of specialized wireless technologies. In this context, the present thesis proposes the design and implementation of a multipoint wireless communication system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the LoRa E22-400M30S module, which integrates the Semtech SX1268 transceiver. Unlike preconfigured UART-based LoRa modules, this approach enables full control of the communication stack via SPI, allowing for the implementation of a custom MAC layer and fine-tuning of parameters such as the Spreading Factor, bandwidth, and coding rate. The work is structured into three layers: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation, firmware development using the ESP-IDF environment with concurrent FreeRTOS tasks, and experimental validation of link quality metrics (RSSI, SNR, ACK). The results demonstrate reliable communication under low-obstruction conditions, achieving up to 70% success in scenarios where frame retransmission is required, confirming the resilience of CSS modulation and the adaptability of the proposed system. This solution represents a step forward toward the implementation of autonomous, configurable, and efficient industrial IoT nodes.
The growing need for reliable, low-power, and long-range connectivity solutions in industrial environments has driven the development of specialized wireless technologies. In this context, the present thesis proposes the design and implementation of a multipoint wireless communication system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the LoRa E22-400M30S module, which integrates the Semtech SX1268 transceiver. Unlike preconfigured UART-based LoRa modules, this approach enables full control of the communication stack via SPI, allowing for the implementation of a custom MAC layer and fine-tuning of parameters such as the Spreading Factor, bandwidth, and coding rate. The work is structured into three layers: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation, firmware development using the ESP-IDF environment with concurrent FreeRTOS tasks, and experimental validation of link quality metrics (RSSI, SNR, ACK). The results demonstrate reliable communication under low-obstruction conditions, achieving up to 70% success in scenarios where frame retransmission is required, confirming the resilience of CSS modulation and the adaptability of the proposed system. This solution represents a step forward toward the implementation of autonomous, configurable, and efficient industrial IoT nodes.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil en Telecomunicaciones.
Keywords
Telecomunicaciones Innovaciones tecnológicas, Sistemas de comunicación inalámbricos