Personas con discapacidad e inclusión laboral en la región del Biobío.
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), aproximadamente el 16% de la población mundial experimenta algún tipo de discapacidad, cifra que ha ido en aumento en las últimas tres décadas debido al envejecimiento de la población. Este colectivo ha visto afectada su participación en la sociedad, específicamente en el ámbito laboral, debido a que las empresas no se encuentran adecuadamente preparadas, tanto cultural como social y físicamente para incluir a Personas con Discapacidad (PCD), a pesar de que existen obligaciones impuestas por la ley para la inclusión de este grupo.
La presente Memoria de Título tuvo por objetivo caracterizar la situación de inclusión laboral de las PCD pertenecientes a una muestra de seis comunas de la región del Biobío. Se empleó un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo y un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado en un corte transversal de tiempo, alcanzando una muestra de 534 participantes (59.9% mujeres, 39% hombres, 0.9% se definía como no binario y 0.2% prefirió no decirlo); la edad promedio fue de 47.5 años, con una desviación estándar de 19.9 años). Para la medición se utilizó la subdimensión “Inclusión Laboral” proveniente del Índice de Inclusión de Personas en Situación de Discapacidad (IIPeSD) que evalúa la oportunidad que tienen las PCD de acceder a un empleo remunerado, en igualdad de condiciones, y elegir o aceptar de manera libre su trabajo en un entorno laboral inclusivo y accesible.
Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe una tendencia a valores mayores de inclusión en la dimensión de diversidad laboral, no así en la dimensión seguridad laboral. Además, no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el nivel de inclusión global y sus dimensiones según género (exceptuando la dimensión de diversidad laboral), comuna, si el entrevistado tiene una discapacidad o más, inscripción en el Registro Nacional de Discapacidad (RND), ingreso del hogar o si el entrevistado se encontraba empleado. Sin embargo, se observan diferencias significativas en el nivel de inclusión global y sus dimensiones según edad y el grado de discapacidad.
Además, los hallazgos obtenidos contribuyen a la literatura existente y aportan a la identificación de las áreas más débiles de la inclusión laboral, para así poder gestionarlas de mejor manera.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 16% of the world's population experiences some form of disability, a figure that has been increasing over the past three decades due to the aging of the population. This group has seen its participation in society affected, specifically in the workplace, due to the fact that companies are not adequately prepared, culturally, socially and physically, to include Persons with Disabilities (PWD), despite the fact that there are obligations imposed by law for the inclusion of this group. The objective of this Thesis was to characterize the situation of labor inclusion of PWD belonging to a sample of six communes in the Biobío region. A descriptive non-experimental design and a non-probabilistic sampling were used in a cross-sectional time, reaching a sample of 534 participants (59.9% women, 39% men, 0.9% defined themselves as non-binary and 0.2% preferred not to say so); The mean age was 47.5 years, with a standard deviation of 19.9 years). For the measurement, the subdimension "Labor Inclusion" from the Index of Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (IIPeSD) was used, which evaluates the opportunity for PWD to access paid employment, under equal conditions, and freely choose or accept their work in an inclusive and accessible work environment. The results obtained indicate that there is a tendency towards higher values of inclusion in the dimension of labor diversity, but not in the dimension of occupational safety. In addition, there are no statistically significant differences in the level of global inclusion and its dimensions according to gender (except for the dimension of labor diversity), commune, whether the interviewee has one or more disabilities, registration in the National Disability Registry (RND), household income or whether the interviewee was employed. However, there are significant differences in the level of global inclusion and its dimensions according to age and degree of disability. In addition, the findings obtained contribute to the existing literature and contribute to the identification of the weakest areas of labor inclusion, in order to better manage them.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 16% of the world's population experiences some form of disability, a figure that has been increasing over the past three decades due to the aging of the population. This group has seen its participation in society affected, specifically in the workplace, due to the fact that companies are not adequately prepared, culturally, socially and physically, to include Persons with Disabilities (PWD), despite the fact that there are obligations imposed by law for the inclusion of this group. The objective of this Thesis was to characterize the situation of labor inclusion of PWD belonging to a sample of six communes in the Biobío region. A descriptive non-experimental design and a non-probabilistic sampling were used in a cross-sectional time, reaching a sample of 534 participants (59.9% women, 39% men, 0.9% defined themselves as non-binary and 0.2% preferred not to say so); The mean age was 47.5 years, with a standard deviation of 19.9 years). For the measurement, the subdimension "Labor Inclusion" from the Index of Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (IIPeSD) was used, which evaluates the opportunity for PWD to access paid employment, under equal conditions, and freely choose or accept their work in an inclusive and accessible work environment. The results obtained indicate that there is a tendency towards higher values of inclusion in the dimension of labor diversity, but not in the dimension of occupational safety. In addition, there are no statistically significant differences in the level of global inclusion and its dimensions according to gender (except for the dimension of labor diversity), commune, whether the interviewee has one or more disabilities, registration in the National Disability Registry (RND), household income or whether the interviewee was employed. However, there are significant differences in the level of global inclusion and its dimensions according to age and degree of disability. In addition, the findings obtained contribute to the existing literature and contribute to the identification of the weakest areas of labor inclusion, in order to better manage them.
Description
Tesis para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero/a Civil Industrial
Keywords
Discapacidades, Inclusión (Educación)