Dinámica de los glaciares y su relación con las variables climáticas en el santuario de la naturaleza Meullin Puye, Región de Aysén.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En las últimas décadas, la criósfera ha experimentado una significativa reducción, especialmente en glaciares y mantos de hielo. Se realizó una investigación en el Santuario de la Naturaleza Meullín-Puye, Región de Aysén, con el objetivo de analizar la dinámica glaciar para el periodo 1985 - 2022 y establecer su relación con variables climáticas tales como precipitación acumulada y temperatura media. A través de la plataforma Google Earth Enginee se obtuvieron imágenes satelitales de los satélites Landsat y se calculó el Índice Diferencial Normalizado de Nieve el que fue reclasificado según el umbral 0.4 el cual indica la presencia de nieve. Posteriormente, los archivos ráster reclasificados fueron vectorizados para cuantificar los cambio de superficie de la cobertura glaciar. Se realizaron pruebas de correlación de Pearson para analizar la relación entre la superficie glaciar y las variables climáticas. Además, se llevó a cabo una regresión lineal para modelar la relación entre la pérdida de cobertura glaciar y dichas variables climáticas, evaluando el coeficiente de determinación R². De acuerdo con los resultados, la superficie glaciar ha disminuido 21.05 km² entre los años 1985 y 2022, lo que equivale a un 53.4% de la superficie inicial. Los análisis estadísticos muestran que las variables climáticas están correlacionadas e influyen en el retroceso glaciar. Se concluyó que existe una tendencia de retroceso por lo que es relevante proteger y estudiar estos ecosistemas con el fin de generar información valiosa para la gestión y conservación de estos ecosistemas dependiente de esta fuente de recursos hídrico.
In recent decades, the cryosphere has experienced a significant reduction, especially in glaciers and ice sheets. An investigation was carried out in the Meullín-Puye Nature Sanctuary, Aysén Region, with the objective of analyzing glacier dynamics for the period 1985 - 2022 and establishing its relationship with climatic variables such as accumulated precipitation and mean temperature. Using the Google Earth Engine platform, satellite images were obtained from Landsat satellites and the Normalized Differential Snow Index was calculated and reclassified according to the 0.4 threshold, which indicates the presence of snow. Subsequently, the reclassified raster files were vectorized to quantify the surface change of glacier cover. Pearson correlation tests were performed to analyze the relationship between glacier area and climatic variables. In addition, a linear regression was carried out to model the relationship between glacier cover loss and these climatic variables, evaluating the coefficient of determination R². According to the results, the glacier area has decreased by 21.05 km² between 1985 and 2022, which is equivalent to 53.4% of the original area. Statistical analyses show that climatic variables are correlated and influence glacial retreat. It was concluded that there is a trend of retreat, so it is relevant to protect and study these ecosystems in order to generate valuable information for the management and conservation of these ecosystems dependent on this source of water resource.
In recent decades, the cryosphere has experienced a significant reduction, especially in glaciers and ice sheets. An investigation was carried out in the Meullín-Puye Nature Sanctuary, Aysén Region, with the objective of analyzing glacier dynamics for the period 1985 - 2022 and establishing its relationship with climatic variables such as accumulated precipitation and mean temperature. Using the Google Earth Engine platform, satellite images were obtained from Landsat satellites and the Normalized Differential Snow Index was calculated and reclassified according to the 0.4 threshold, which indicates the presence of snow. Subsequently, the reclassified raster files were vectorized to quantify the surface change of glacier cover. Pearson correlation tests were performed to analyze the relationship between glacier area and climatic variables. In addition, a linear regression was carried out to model the relationship between glacier cover loss and these climatic variables, evaluating the coefficient of determination R². According to the results, the glacier area has decreased by 21.05 km² between 1985 and 2022, which is equivalent to 53.4% of the original area. Statistical analyses show that climatic variables are correlated and influence glacial retreat. It was concluded that there is a trend of retreat, so it is relevant to protect and study these ecosystems in order to generate valuable information for the management and conservation of these ecosystems dependent on this source of water resource.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniera en Conservación de Recursos Naturales
Keywords
Glaciares, Cambios climáticos, Monitoreo ambiental