Modelamiento de esfuerzos en mineral quebrado.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La minería subterránea de caving presenta retos significativos en la modelación de esfuerzos en medios granulares, debido a la dinámica del hundimiento y la interacción entre las zonas en movimiento y estancadas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo modelar y validar los esfuerzos inducidos durante el proceso de extracción en caving, utilizando un enfoque numérico basado en autómatas celulares. El estudio se basa en el modelo propuesto por Gómez en 2022, que ha sido recalibrado y evaluado con nuevos datos experimentales.
Se han llevado a cabo comparaciones entre los resultados simulados y experimentales en configuraciones como extracción aislada, tiraje múltiple uniforme y extracción múltiple no uniforme, reproduciendo de manera satisfactoria los patrones de concentración de esfuerzos y zonas de estancamiento observados en laboratorio. Adicionalmente se introduce un nuevo ajuste para un parámetro que cambia en función de las áreas tributarias, permitiendo replicar de forma más precisa los esfuerzos medidos en situaciones mixtas, donde la concentración de esfuerzos en zonas estancadas tiene mayor relevancia, mejorando la capacidad del modelo para reflejar esta realidad.
Finalmente, si bien se han detectado errores en torno al 10% en las comparaciones entre las simulaciones y los datos de mina real, bajo ciertos supuestos, el modelo constituye un buen primer paso para abordar el tema de los esfuerzos a escala mina. Aunque no es completamente preciso en su estado actual, ofrece una base sólida para futuras investigaciones. Aún son necesarios más experimentos y la recopilación de datos mina adicionales para lograr una modelación más completa y mejorar la capacidad predictiva del modelo en condiciones reales de minería.
Caving mining presents significant challenges in the modeling of stresses in granular media due to the dynamic nature of subsidence and the interaction between the movement and the stagnant zones. This work aims to model and validate the induced stresses during the ore extraction process in caving using a numerical approach based on cellular automata. The study is based on the model proposed by Gómez in 2022, which has been recalibrated with new experimental data. Comparisons have been made between simulated and experimental results in configurations such as isolated extraction, uniform draw, and panel caving draw, successfully replicating the stress concentration patterns and stagnant zones observed in the laboratory. The model more accurately replicates the measured stresses in mixed conditions by introducing a new adjustment that varies based on tributary areas. Here, stress concentration in stagnant zones is more significant, improving the model’s ability to reflect reality. While errors have been detected in comparisons between simulations and real mine data, the model represents a good first step in addressing the issue of stresses on a mine-scale. Although not completely accurate in its current state, it provides a solid foundation for future research. More experiments and data collection are necessary to achieve a more comprehensive model and enhance the model’s predictive capacity in real mining conditions.
Caving mining presents significant challenges in the modeling of stresses in granular media due to the dynamic nature of subsidence and the interaction between the movement and the stagnant zones. This work aims to model and validate the induced stresses during the ore extraction process in caving using a numerical approach based on cellular automata. The study is based on the model proposed by Gómez in 2022, which has been recalibrated with new experimental data. Comparisons have been made between simulated and experimental results in configurations such as isolated extraction, uniform draw, and panel caving draw, successfully replicating the stress concentration patterns and stagnant zones observed in the laboratory. The model more accurately replicates the measured stresses in mixed conditions by introducing a new adjustment that varies based on tributary areas. Here, stress concentration in stagnant zones is more significant, improving the model’s ability to reflect reality. While errors have been detected in comparisons between simulations and real mine data, the model represents a good first step in addressing the issue of stresses on a mine-scale. Although not completely accurate in its current state, it provides a solid foundation for future research. More experiments and data collection are necessary to achieve a more comprehensive model and enhance the model’s predictive capacity in real mining conditions.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil de Minas.
Keywords
Minería subterránea, Minería por derrumbe, Modelos matemáticos