Estrategias para promover la germinación in vitro de Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth.) Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae).
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Para los bancos de germoplasma enfocados en semillas, el mayor desafío es
mantener la calidad fisiológica del material durante un largo período de tiempo. Para
promover la germinación, se han evaluado alternativas como el tratamiento de
semillas con hormonas vegetales, con quitina y sus derivados y estratificación de
semillas en frío. Se han encontrado resultados alentadores utilizando
concentraciones exógenas de giberelinas, ácido indolacético y melatonina, pero su
alto costo limita su accesibilidad. En busca de optimizar la germinación en
Colobanthus quitensis, una planta que crece en condiciones extremas como la
Antártica y sobre la cual se realizan varios estudios de adaptación a estrés abiótico,
en este estudio se evaluó el efecto del tiempo de conservación, la modificación del
medio de germinación y diferentes tratamientos osmóticos en la capacidad de
germinación in vitro de las semillas. Se encontró que un medio sin adición de
nutrientes (agar + sacarosa) promueve una mayor germinación en comparación a
medios con diferentes concentraciones del medio basal Murashige y Skoog (MS). El
tratamiento osmótico con PEG y KCl demostró ser efectivo para mejorar la
germinación de las semillas. Los productos a base de quitina, en las concentraciones
probadas, no mostraron mejoras significativas en la germinación. Se concluye que, el
tiempo de conservación afecta significativamente la germinación de las semillas de
C. quitensis, y la modificación del medio de germinación y el tratamiento osmótico
pueden mejorar este proceso. Estos resultados son fundamentales para la
propagación y conservación adecuada de C. quitensis en bancos de germoplasma.
Se sugiere continuar investigando y optimizando los tratamientos para aumentar la
viabilidad de las semillas y facilitar la investigación con esta especie. Además, se
recomienda investigar posibles mecanismos de dormancia y analizar su influencia en
la germinación de las semillas de C. quitensis
For germplasm banks focused on seeds, the major challenge is to maintain the physiological quality of the material over a long period of time. To promote germination, alternatives such as seed treatment with plant hormones, chitin and its derivatives and cold stratification of seeds have been evaluated. Encouraging results have been found using exogenous concentrations of gibberellins, indolacetic acid and melatonin, but their high cost limits their accessibility. In search of optimizing germination in Colobanthus quitensis, a plant that grows in extreme conditions such as Antarctica and on which several studies of adaptation to abiotic stress have been carried out, this study evaluated the effect of storage time, modification of the germination medium and different osmotic treatments on the in vitro germination capacity of seeds. A medium with no nutrient addition (agar + sucrose) was found to promote higher germination compared to media with different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Osmotic treatment with PEG and KCl proved to be effective in improving seed germination. Chitin-based products, at the concentrations tested, did not show significant improvements in germination. It is concluded that, storage time significantly affects the germination of C. quitensis seeds, and modification of the germination medium and osmotic treatment can improve this process. These results are fundamental for the proper propagation and conservation of C. quitensis in germplasm banks. It is suggested to continue investigating and optimizing treatments to increase seed viability and facilitate research with this species. In addition, it is recommended to investigate possible dormancy mechanisms and analyze their influence on the germination of C. quitensis seeds.
For germplasm banks focused on seeds, the major challenge is to maintain the physiological quality of the material over a long period of time. To promote germination, alternatives such as seed treatment with plant hormones, chitin and its derivatives and cold stratification of seeds have been evaluated. Encouraging results have been found using exogenous concentrations of gibberellins, indolacetic acid and melatonin, but their high cost limits their accessibility. In search of optimizing germination in Colobanthus quitensis, a plant that grows in extreme conditions such as Antarctica and on which several studies of adaptation to abiotic stress have been carried out, this study evaluated the effect of storage time, modification of the germination medium and different osmotic treatments on the in vitro germination capacity of seeds. A medium with no nutrient addition (agar + sucrose) was found to promote higher germination compared to media with different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Osmotic treatment with PEG and KCl proved to be effective in improving seed germination. Chitin-based products, at the concentrations tested, did not show significant improvements in germination. It is concluded that, storage time significantly affects the germination of C. quitensis seeds, and modification of the germination medium and osmotic treatment can improve this process. These results are fundamental for the proper propagation and conservation of C. quitensis in germplasm banks. It is suggested to continue investigating and optimizing treatments to increase seed viability and facilitate research with this species. In addition, it is recommended to investigate possible dormancy mechanisms and analyze their influence on the germination of C. quitensis seeds.