Cubiertas: efectos sobre la artropofauna agrícola
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En el último tiempo, la utilización de mallas agrícolas ha aumentado significativamente a nivel mundial como una estrategia de protección de los cultivos frente a problemas bióticos y abióticos, que pueden estar influenciados por el cambio climático, amenazando la productividad de los cultivos y con ello la seguridad alimentaria. Además de la protección física que ofrecen las mallas a la lluvia o granizo, las variaciones microclimáticas que provocan, en temperatura, humedad relativa, velocidad del viento y luz, pueden ser propicias para el crecimiento de las plantas y mejorar la calidad, uniformidad y productividad de los cultivos. Paralelamente, las mallas pueden actuar como una barrera mecánica, impidiendo la entrada o salida de artrópodos, o generando repercusiones en la actividad y distribución de la artropofauna a causa de los cambios microclimáticos bajo cubiertas. Hasta la fecha existe una cantidad importante de estudios que se relacionan con el uso de mallas, pero los que han abordado los efectos sobre la artropofauna o el comportamiento de los insectos aún son escasos, y a menudo con resultados contradictorios. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente monografía fue revisar y analizar información acerca de las cubiertas de malla, los cambios que éstas producen en las variables microclimáticas y sus efectos en el comportamiento, preferencia y presencia de insectos plaga, además de controladores biológicos y polinizadores.
In recent years, the use of netting has increased significantly worldwide as a strategy to protect crops from biotic and abiotic constraints, many of which may be influenced by climate change, threatening crop productivity and thus food security. In addition to the physical protection that nets provide against rain or hail, the microclimatic variations caused by covers in temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and light can favor plant growth and improve crop quality, uniformity, and productivity. At the same time, protective nets can also act as a mechanical barrier by preventing the entry or exit of arthropods, or by influencing the activity and distribution of the arthropod fauna through the microclimatic changes occurring under covers. Although there is a significant number of studies related to the use of netting systems, those addressing the effects on arthropofauna or insect behavior are still scarce and often present contradictory results. Therefore, the aim of the present monograph was to collect and analyze information about netting, the changes they produce in microclimatic variables and how they impact the behavior, preference and presence of pest insects, biological controllers and pollinators.
In recent years, the use of netting has increased significantly worldwide as a strategy to protect crops from biotic and abiotic constraints, many of which may be influenced by climate change, threatening crop productivity and thus food security. In addition to the physical protection that nets provide against rain or hail, the microclimatic variations caused by covers in temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and light can favor plant growth and improve crop quality, uniformity, and productivity. At the same time, protective nets can also act as a mechanical barrier by preventing the entry or exit of arthropods, or by influencing the activity and distribution of the arthropod fauna through the microclimatic changes occurring under covers. Although there is a significant number of studies related to the use of netting systems, those addressing the effects on arthropofauna or insect behavior are still scarce and often present contradictory results. Therefore, the aim of the present monograph was to collect and analyze information about netting, the changes they produce in microclimatic variables and how they impact the behavior, preference and presence of pest insects, biological controllers and pollinators.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Coberturas, Plagas agrícolas - Chile