Importancia de los factores climáticos para explicar la distribución de plantas exóticas a través de la Cordillera de Los Andes.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los Andes son la principal cordillera de América del sur, destaca por su vasta extensión y altura, representando el 13% de todas las áreas montañosas a nivel mundial. Además, alberga una notable biodiversidad con numerosas especies endémicas y nativas, las cuales enfrentan amenazas debido a cambio de uso de suelo, cambio climático, la presencia de especies exóticas, entre otros factores. Las zonas de Argentina y Chile, en particular, son reconocidas por tener una alta concentración de estas especies invasoras, en donde se ha demostrado que ocurre facilitación para estas desde especies nativas de alta montaña y además han sido impulsadas por la creciente influencia humana, aun así, se ha contabilizado que disminuye el número de plantas exóticas con la elevación, posiblemente asociado a factores climáticos y cómo estos varían con la altitud. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la importancia de variables macro y micro climáticas influyen sobre la riqueza de plantas exóticas a través de gradientes latitudinales y altitudinales. Los resultados indicaron que los factores macro climáticos, como la estacionalidad de las precipitaciones y la temperatura del aire en el mes más frío, entre otros, explican en poco más del 40% de la variabilidad en la riqueza de plantas exóticas, dejando un 60% para otros factores como nutrientes del suelo, influencia humana y disturbios naturales, por lo que se concluyó lo importante que es la multidisciplinariedad al abordar las distintas aristas de las invasiones biológicas.
The Andes are the main mountain range in South America, notable for their vast extension and height, representing 13% of all mountainous areas worldwide. Additionally, they host remarkable biodiversity with numerous endemic and native species, which face threats due to land-use changes, climate change, the presence of exotic species, among other factors. The regions of Argentina and Chile are recognized for having a high concentration of these invasive species, where it has been shown that facilitation occurs for these from high mountain native species and has also been driven by increasing human influence. Nonetheless, it has been observed that the number of exotic plants decreases with elevation, possibly associated with climatic factors and how these vary with altitude. The objective of this work is to evaluate the importance of macro and micro climatic variables influencing the richness of exotic plants across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. The results indicated that macro climatic factors, such as precipitation seasonality and air temperature in the coldest month, among others, explain just over 40% of the variability in exotic plant richness, leaving 60% to other factors such as soil nutrients, human influence, and natural disturbances. Therefore, it was concluded that a multidisciplinary approach is crucial when addressing the various facets of biological invasions.
The Andes are the main mountain range in South America, notable for their vast extension and height, representing 13% of all mountainous areas worldwide. Additionally, they host remarkable biodiversity with numerous endemic and native species, which face threats due to land-use changes, climate change, the presence of exotic species, among other factors. The regions of Argentina and Chile are recognized for having a high concentration of these invasive species, where it has been shown that facilitation occurs for these from high mountain native species and has also been driven by increasing human influence. Nonetheless, it has been observed that the number of exotic plants decreases with elevation, possibly associated with climatic factors and how these vary with altitude. The objective of this work is to evaluate the importance of macro and micro climatic variables influencing the richness of exotic plants across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. The results indicated that macro climatic factors, such as precipitation seasonality and air temperature in the coldest month, among others, explain just over 40% of the variability in exotic plant richness, leaving 60% to other factors such as soil nutrients, human influence, and natural disturbances. Therefore, it was concluded that a multidisciplinary approach is crucial when addressing the various facets of biological invasions.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Cordilleras, Clima de montaña, Plantas exóticas