Factores biopsicosociales y sentido de coherencia en padres de niños/as con trastorno del espectro autista.
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Date
2026
Authors
Garrido Vega, Cassandra Lizbeth
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por deficiencias en la comunicación e interacción social asociado a patrones restrictivos y repetitivos, que genera un gran impacto en la dinámica familiar. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el estrés parental y los factores biosociodemográficos con el sentido de coherencia en padres de niños/as con trastorno del espectro autista, pertenecientes a agrupaciones de apoyo del área metropolitana del Gran Concepción. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y correlacional en el que participaron 81 padres. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario biosociodemográfico y las escalas SOC-13 y de Estrés Parental. La investigación fue aprobada por los Comités Ético-Científicos de la Universidad de Concepción y del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano. Resultados: Participaron principalmente mujeres con una edad media de 37,4 años y sus hijos/as fueron mayoritariamente hombres. El 49,4% presentó alto estrés parental y el 53,1% bajo sentido de coherencia. El modelo estadístico explicó el 39% de la varianza del sentido de coherencia, identificándose al estrés parental como el único predictor estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: Un bajo sentido de coherencia constituye una limitante para que los padres de niños/as con trastorno del espectro autista enfrenten con éxito las demandas del cuidado.
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction associated with restrictive and repetitive patterns, which have a substantial impact on family dynamics. Objective: To analyze the association between parental stress and biosociodemographic factors with the sense of coherence in parents of children with Autism spectrum disorder belonging to support groups in the metropolitan area of Greater Concepción. Methodology: This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study included eighty-one parents. Data were collected using a biosociodemographic questionnaire and SOC-13 and Parental Stress scales. Results: Participants were predominantly women, with a mean age of 37.4 years and their children were mostly boys. High parental stress was observed in 49.4% of participants, while 53.1% exhibited a low sense of coherence. The statistical model explained 39% of the variance in sense of coherence, identifying parental stress as the only statistically significant predictor. Conclusions: A low sense of coherence constitutes a limitation for parents of children with Autism spectrum disorder in successfully coping with caregiving demands.
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction associated with restrictive and repetitive patterns, which have a substantial impact on family dynamics. Objective: To analyze the association between parental stress and biosociodemographic factors with the sense of coherence in parents of children with Autism spectrum disorder belonging to support groups in the metropolitan area of Greater Concepción. Methodology: This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study included eighty-one parents. Data were collected using a biosociodemographic questionnaire and SOC-13 and Parental Stress scales. Results: Participants were predominantly women, with a mean age of 37.4 years and their children were mostly boys. High parental stress was observed in 49.4% of participants, while 53.1% exhibited a low sense of coherence. The statistical model explained 39% of the variance in sense of coherence, identifying parental stress as the only statistically significant predictor. Conclusions: A low sense of coherence constitutes a limitation for parents of children with Autism spectrum disorder in successfully coping with caregiving demands.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Enfermería.
Keywords
Autismo infantil, Estrés, Padres, Bienestar materno