Sphagnum magellanicum, caracterización y desarrollo actual de su explotación relacionada al deficit hídrico en la Isla de Chiloé.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Dentro de la isla de Chiloé existen los humedales de tipo turbera, una de las clasificaciones que estas pueden tener son naturales o antropogénicas, donde ambas comparten al Sphagnum magellanicum como su cobertura vegetal predominante. Este musgo perteneciente a las briofitas tiene dentro de sus cualidades la capacidad de almacenar una gran cantidad de agua en sus células hialinas, hasta 20 veces su peso seco en agua, además de mantener bajo su superficie condiciones aptas para la acumulación de materia orgánica, estas características lo hacen ser indispensable para las turberas de la isla, principalmente en la regulación del ciclo hidrológico y al ser sumidero de carbono. La intervención en este tipo de ecosistemas va a ocasionar grandes daños como los generados en Europa, donde el manejo sostenible y la restauración es el camino para recuperar las turberas. En la isla de Chiloé la explotación de S. magellanicum compromete de igual manera las funciones de la turbera y acrecienta aún más los problemas de déficit hídrico presentes en esta, ante esto se han generado distintos manuales y guías que van en ayuda del S. magellanicum para su correcta explotación además de las normas legislativas como el decreto N° 25 modificado en 2019 que regula la explotación del recurso y en la actualidad se promulgo la ley 21.660 sobre protección de turberas y uso sostenible del musgo S. magellanicum.
In Chiloé island there are peatland-types wetlands, which can be natural or anthropogenic, and both share the Sphagnum magellanicum as their predominant vegetation cover. One of the most important abilities of this moss, which belongs to the bryophytes, is the capability of storing a great amount of water in its hyaline cells, being able to store up to 20 times its dry weight in water and that under its surface maintains the conditions suitable for the accumulation of organic matter. These qualities make this moss essential for the peatland ecosystems of the Chiloé island due to its contribution to their ecosystemic functions, such as the regulation of the hydrological cycle and as a carbon sink. Human intervention in this type of ecosystems can cause damage and a great environmental degradation, comparable to the one generated in Europe, where sustainable operations and restauration are now the path to recover the peatlands. The exploitation of S. magellanicum moss on Chiloé jeopardizes the peatland’s functions and continues to increase the hydric deficit on the island. For this reason, different manuals and guides have been issued to aid the situation, explaining the correct exploitation of the moss. In addition to this, legislative norms such as decree N° 25, modified in 2019, have been published to regulate the exploitation of this resource. Currently, law 21.660 on the protection of peatlands and sustainable use of the S. magellanicum moss was passed.
In Chiloé island there are peatland-types wetlands, which can be natural or anthropogenic, and both share the Sphagnum magellanicum as their predominant vegetation cover. One of the most important abilities of this moss, which belongs to the bryophytes, is the capability of storing a great amount of water in its hyaline cells, being able to store up to 20 times its dry weight in water and that under its surface maintains the conditions suitable for the accumulation of organic matter. These qualities make this moss essential for the peatland ecosystems of the Chiloé island due to its contribution to their ecosystemic functions, such as the regulation of the hydrological cycle and as a carbon sink. Human intervention in this type of ecosystems can cause damage and a great environmental degradation, comparable to the one generated in Europe, where sustainable operations and restauration are now the path to recover the peatlands. The exploitation of S. magellanicum moss on Chiloé jeopardizes the peatland’s functions and continues to increase the hydric deficit on the island. For this reason, different manuals and guides have been issued to aid the situation, explaining the correct exploitation of the moss. In addition to this, legislative norms such as decree N° 25, modified in 2019, have been published to regulate the exploitation of this resource. Currently, law 21.660 on the protection of peatlands and sustainable use of the S. magellanicum moss was passed.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo.
Keywords
Musgos turbosos, Almacenamiento de agua, Deficit hídrico