Asociación entre tipo de parto y la expresión de receptores de hormonas tiroideas y de oxitocina en placentas humanas.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Antecedentes: La interrupción del proceso fisiológico del parto puede alterar la respuesta placentaria en sistemas hormonales clave para el desarrollo humano: el sistema oxitocinérgico (OXT) y tiroideo (TH).
Objetivo general: Evaluar el comportamiento de los sistemas TH y OXT en la placenta según tipos de parto y prácticas clínicas en un hospital público del sur de Chile durante el año 2022.
Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico. Se analizó una muestra de 20 placentas, cuya clasificación corresponde a: parto espontáneo (n=4), parto acelerado (n=6), cesárea electiva (n=5) y cesárea de urgencia (n=5). Las variables corresponden al perfil sociodemográfico de la gestante, caracterización del recién nacido, prácticas clínicas intraparto y expresión de receptores de OXT y TH. El análisis estadístico se realizó aplicando la Prueba de U de Mann-Whitney, de Kruskal-Wallis y correlaciones de Spearman. Para la determinación de expresión de receptores se utilizó PCR para TH y marcaje por inmunohistoquímica para OXT.
Resultados: Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de anestesia epidural, su tiempo de exposición, concentración y cuantificación de αv (TH) (p=0,02, 0,042 y 0,011, respectivamente). La presencia de trabajo de parto tuvo resultados significativos para αv (p=0,004). Mientras que en los receptores OXT no hubo diferencias significativas.
Conclusiones: La presencia de trabajo de parto previo al nacimiento se asocia a cambios en la expresión de hormonas tiroídeas.
Background: Interruption of the physiological process of childbirth can alter the placental response to key hormonal systems for human development: the oxytocinergic (OXT) and thyroid (TH) systems. General objective: To evaluate the behavior of the TH and OXT systems in the placenta according to types of delivery and clinical practices in a public hospital in southern Chile during 2022. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study. A sample of 20 placentas was analyzed, classified as spontaneous delivery (n=4), accelerated delivery (n=6), elective cesarean section (n=5), and emergency cesarean section (n=5). The variables included the sociodemographic profile of the pregnant woman, newborn characteristics, intrapartum clinical practices, and OXT and TH receptor expression. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlations. Receptor expression was determined by PCR for TH and immunohistochemical staining for OXT. Results: A statistically significant relationship was observed between the use of epidural anesthesia, its exposure time, concentration, and αv quantification (p=0.02, 0.042, and 0.011, respectively). The presence of labor had significant results for αv (p=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in OXT recipients. the Conclusions: The presence of labor prior to birth is associated with changes in expression of thyroid hormones.
Background: Interruption of the physiological process of childbirth can alter the placental response to key hormonal systems for human development: the oxytocinergic (OXT) and thyroid (TH) systems. General objective: To evaluate the behavior of the TH and OXT systems in the placenta according to types of delivery and clinical practices in a public hospital in southern Chile during 2022. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study. A sample of 20 placentas was analyzed, classified as spontaneous delivery (n=4), accelerated delivery (n=6), elective cesarean section (n=5), and emergency cesarean section (n=5). The variables included the sociodemographic profile of the pregnant woman, newborn characteristics, intrapartum clinical practices, and OXT and TH receptor expression. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlations. Receptor expression was determined by PCR for TH and immunohistochemical staining for OXT. Results: A statistically significant relationship was observed between the use of epidural anesthesia, its exposure time, concentration, and αv quantification (p=0.02, 0.042, and 0.011, respectively). The presence of labor had significant results for αv (p=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in OXT recipients. the Conclusions: The presence of labor prior to birth is associated with changes in expression of thyroid hormones.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva
Keywords
Hormonas tiroideas, Parto, Oxitocina