Diseño y desarrollo de casco 3D para bebés con plagiocefalia.
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las deformidades craneales posicionales, como la plagiocefalia, han aumentado en los últimos años, evidenciando las limitaciones del método tradicional de fabricación de órtesis mediante moldes de yeso, un proceso impreciso, lento e incómodo para los lactantes. Esto resalta la importancia de la implementación de la impresión 3D, como método más eficiente y seguro que optimicen el tratamiento en el tiempo requerido para la corrección. Para abordar el problema, se desarrolló un flujo de trabajo digital para el diseño y la fabricación de cascos craneales personalizados, utilizando tecnologías de escaneo 3D, diseño CAD y prototipado. El proceso se basó en un examen tipo obtenido de un TAC real, sobre el cual se hicieron las simulaciones. Para el desarrollo se utilizaron distintos programas, tales como, Autodesk Meshmixer para la modificación de los modelos de prueba, Autodesk Fusion 360 para el diseño del casco y Pepakura Designer para la creación del patrón del revestimiento interno. Se fabricaron prototipos físicos en PLA mediante impresión 3D. Finalmente, los prototipos fueron validados exitosamente mediante ensayos mecánicos. Las pruebas de resistencia demostraron que los cascos soportan cargas de hasta 50 kg. sin fallos, y la prueba final de ajuste con papel de calco confirmo que el diseño aplica presión correctiva en las zonas deseadas. Se concluye que el flujo de trabajo realizado termino con un prototipo funcional, seguro y biomecánicamente correcto.
Positional cranial deformities, such as plagiocephaly, have increased in recent years, highlighting the limitations of the traditional method of making orthoses using plaster casts, an imprecise, slow and uncomfortable process for infants. This highlights the importance of the implementation of 3D printing, as the most efficient and safe method that optimizes the treatment in the time required for correction. To address the problem, a digital workflow was developed for the design and manufacture of custom cranial helmets, using 3D scanning, CAD design, and prototyping technologies. The process was based on a donated test obtained from a real CT scan, on which simulations were made. Different programs were used for the development, such as Autodesk Meshmixer for the modification of the test models, Autodesk Fusion 360 for the design of the helmet and Pepakura Designer for the creation of the internal lining pattern. Physical prototypes were manufactured in PLA using 3D printing. In the end, the prototypes were successfully validated, through mechanical tests. Endurance tests showed that the hulls withstand loads of up to 50 kg without failure, and the final fit test with tracing paper confirmed that the design applies corrective pressure in the desired areas. It is concluded that the workflow carried out ended with a functional, safe and biomechanically correct prototype.
Positional cranial deformities, such as plagiocephaly, have increased in recent years, highlighting the limitations of the traditional method of making orthoses using plaster casts, an imprecise, slow and uncomfortable process for infants. This highlights the importance of the implementation of 3D printing, as the most efficient and safe method that optimizes the treatment in the time required for correction. To address the problem, a digital workflow was developed for the design and manufacture of custom cranial helmets, using 3D scanning, CAD design, and prototyping technologies. The process was based on a donated test obtained from a real CT scan, on which simulations were made. Different programs were used for the development, such as Autodesk Meshmixer for the modification of the test models, Autodesk Fusion 360 for the design of the helmet and Pepakura Designer for the creation of the internal lining pattern. Physical prototypes were manufactured in PLA using 3D printing. In the end, the prototypes were successfully validated, through mechanical tests. Endurance tests showed that the hulls withstand loads of up to 50 kg without failure, and the final fit test with tracing paper confirmed that the design applies corrective pressure in the desired areas. It is concluded that the workflow carried out ended with a functional, safe and biomechanically correct prototype.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Biomédico/a.
Keywords
Cascos, Impresión tridimensional, Lactantes, Cráneo Anomalías