Caracterización botánica y antimicrobiana de miel y polen corbicular producidos en plantación de Quillay en el secano interior de Yumbel, región del Biobío, Chile.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La miel y el polen corbicular son productos de la colmena de Apis mellifera, cuyas composiciones polínicas y propiedades bioactivas están influenciadas a partir del origen geográfico y floral. Ambos productos destacan por su creciente valor en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas. En el predio Corderito, ubicado en Yumbel, Región del Biobío, se encuentra la mayor plantación de quillay (Quillaja saponaria Molina) en Chile, transformándose en un lugar experimental estratégico para investigaciones relacionadas con estos productos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la composición botánica y evaluar la capacidad antimicrobiana de la miel y el polen corbicular producidos en la temporada 2024, en el predio Corderito. La determinación botánica de la miel se realizó mediante la norma chilena Nch2981 (2005), mientras que la composición del polen corbicular se determinó mediante la norma chilena Nch3255 (2011). La capacidad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante el método de difusión en pozos de agar, determinando la concentración mínima inhibitoria frente a los patógenos Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Candida albicans. Los resultados revelaron que la miel es monofloral de quillay, mientras que el polen corbicular fue clasificado como monofloral no nativo de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). La miel mostró actividad antimicrobiana frente a E. coli, S. aureus y P. aeruginosa, siendo S. aureus el microorganismo más susceptible; sin embargo, no presentó actividad frente a C. albicans. En contraste, el polen corbicular no presentó actividad antimicrobiana frente a ningún patógeno bajo las condiciones experimentales utilizadas. Este último resultado puede atribuirse al almacenamiento prolongado de las muestras. Los resultados de la presente investigación subrayan la selectividad floral de A. mellifera, y confirman el potencial de la miel de quillay como un recurso con propiedades antimicrobianas.
Honey and corbicular pollen are products of the Apis mellifera hive, whose pollen compositions and bioactive properties are influenced by their geographical and floral origins. Both products stand out for their growing value in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The Corderito estate, located in Yumbel, Biobío Region, houses the largest quillay (Quillaja saponaria Molina) plantation in Chile, making it a strategic experimental site for research related to these products. The objective of this study was to identify the botanical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of honey and corbicular pollen produced during the 2024 season at the Corderito estate. The botanical determination of honey was carried out according to the Chilean standard NCh2981 (2005), while the composition of corbicular pollen was determined according to the Chilean standard NCh3255 (2011). Antimicrobial capacity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against the pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The results revealed that the honey is monofloral from quillay, while the corbicular pollen was classified as monofloral and non-native to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Honey showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, with S. aureus being the most susceptible microorganism; however, it showed no activity against C. albicans. In contrast, corbicular pollen exhibited no antimicrobial activity against any pathogen under the experimental conditions used. This latter result may be attributed to the prolonged storage of the samples. The findings of this research highlight the floral selectivity of A. mellifera and confirm the potential of quillay honey as a resource with antimicrobial properties.
Honey and corbicular pollen are products of the Apis mellifera hive, whose pollen compositions and bioactive properties are influenced by their geographical and floral origins. Both products stand out for their growing value in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The Corderito estate, located in Yumbel, Biobío Region, houses the largest quillay (Quillaja saponaria Molina) plantation in Chile, making it a strategic experimental site for research related to these products. The objective of this study was to identify the botanical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of honey and corbicular pollen produced during the 2024 season at the Corderito estate. The botanical determination of honey was carried out according to the Chilean standard NCh2981 (2005), while the composition of corbicular pollen was determined according to the Chilean standard NCh3255 (2011). Antimicrobial capacity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against the pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The results revealed that the honey is monofloral from quillay, while the corbicular pollen was classified as monofloral and non-native to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Honey showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, with S. aureus being the most susceptible microorganism; however, it showed no activity against C. albicans. In contrast, corbicular pollen exhibited no antimicrobial activity against any pathogen under the experimental conditions used. This latter result may be attributed to the prolonged storage of the samples. The findings of this research highlight the floral selectivity of A. mellifera and confirm the potential of quillay honey as a resource with antimicrobial properties.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero en Biotecnología Vegetal
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Acción CLIMÁTICA