Mejoramiento de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) y avances obtenidos
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Date
2024
Authors
Pavez Medina, Ihelena Beatriz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) es una especie perenne de las más importantes a nivel mundial como recurso forrajero en la producción ganadera por su alto nivel de producción de biomasa y valor nutritivo. El criterio de manejo de alfalfa es el principal factor que condiciona el rendimiento y la persistencia del cultivo, pero existen formas de mejorar estas características utilizando mejoramiento genético por medio de técnicas tradicionales, que hacen uso de la variabilidad genética natural presente en la planta, y técnicas de ingeniería genética adaptadas a las limitaciones que tiene alfalfa, debidas a su autotetraploidía e incompatibilidad sexual entre plantas por su autoesterilidad, permitiendo así la manipulación tanto de genes nativos como de otras especies y su introducción en alfalfa, siendo estrategias fundamentales para mejorar caracteres de importancia como el grado de reposo invernal, producción de forraje, persistencia y mejorar la resistencia a estrés abiótico y biótico. La preocupación permanente en la búsqueda de una alfalfa ideal con mejoramiento genético puede ser prometedora y desafiante. Por ello, la presente monografía se dedicó a recopilar información en avances obtenidos de mejoramiento genético de alfalfa y el éxito de diferentes metodologías para producir plantas que tengan mayor productividad, calidad nutricional y persistencia.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial species that is one of the most important worldwide as a forage resource in livestock production due to its high biomass production and nutritional value. The alfalfa management criteria are the main factor that determines the yield and persistence of the crop, but there are ways to improve these characteristics using genetic improvement through traditional techniques, which make use of the natural genetic variability present in the plant, and techniques through genetic engineering adapted to the limitations that alfalfa has, due to its autotetraploidy and sexual incompatibility between plants due to its self-sterility, thus allowing the manipulation of both native genes and other species and their introduction into alfalfa, being fundamental strategies to improve characteristics of importance such as degree of winter rest, forage production, persistence, and improving resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. The permanent concern in the search for an ideal alfalfa with genetic improvement can be promising and challenging. Therefore, this monograph was dedicated to collecting information on advances in the genetic improvement of alfalfa and the success of different methodologies to produce plants that have greater productivity, nutritional quality, and persistence.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial species that is one of the most important worldwide as a forage resource in livestock production due to its high biomass production and nutritional value. The alfalfa management criteria are the main factor that determines the yield and persistence of the crop, but there are ways to improve these characteristics using genetic improvement through traditional techniques, which make use of the natural genetic variability present in the plant, and techniques through genetic engineering adapted to the limitations that alfalfa has, due to its autotetraploidy and sexual incompatibility between plants due to its self-sterility, thus allowing the manipulation of both native genes and other species and their introduction into alfalfa, being fundamental strategies to improve characteristics of importance such as degree of winter rest, forage production, persistence, and improving resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. The permanent concern in the search for an ideal alfalfa with genetic improvement can be promising and challenging. Therefore, this monograph was dedicated to collecting information on advances in the genetic improvement of alfalfa and the success of different methodologies to produce plants that have greater productivity, nutritional quality, and persistence.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Alfalfa - Chile, Medicago - Variedades, Forraje como alimento para animales