Efecto del déficit hídrico en rendimiento y calidad de grano de trigo harinero (Trticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar cómo el déficit hídrico afecta la calidad del grano en diferentes genotipos de trigo harinero primaveral, considerando parámetros como peso de mil granos, peso hectolitro y humedad del grano. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un experimento en la estación experimental INIA-Santa Rosa, Chillán, Chile, durante la temporada 2024-2025, en el que se seleccionaron nueve genotipos de trigo y se aplicaron dos tratamientos de riego (con y sin riegos suplementarios). Se emplearon métodos directos para analizar la calidad del grano y generar modelos predictivos basados en espectrorradiometría. Los resultados indicaron que los efectos genotípicos influyan significativamente en la mayoría de los rasgos evaluados y que algunos genotipos mostraron mayor resistencia a la sequía en términos de biomasa, rendimiento y calidad del grano. Además, la tecnología de espectrorradimetría demostró ser útil para estimar atributos clave del grano de forma rápida y no destructiva, con modelos que alcanzaron altos niveles de precisión (R²val entre 0,77 y 0,88). La investigación concluye que la selección de genotipos adaptados al ambiente en que se encuentra el cultivo ayuda significativamente a mejorar rasgos de calidad y el uso de tecnologías predictivas (espectrorradiometría) pueden contribuir a reducir los plazos de espera y simplificar el análisis de calidad del grano de trigo.
The objective of this thesis was to evaluate how water deficit affects grain quality in different genotypes of spring bread wheat, considering parameters such as thousand-kernel weight, test weight and grain moisture. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted at the INIA-Santa Rosa Experimental Station, Chillán, Chile, during the 2024–2025 season, in which nine wheat genotypes were selected, and two irrigation treatments were applied (with and without supplemental irrigation). Direct methods were used to analyze grain quality and to generate predictive models based on spectroradiometry. The results indicated that genotypic effects significantly influenced most of the traits evaluated, and that some genotypes showed greater drought tolerance in terms of biomass, yield, and grain quality. Furthermore, spectroradiometry technologies proved useful for rapidly and non-destructively estimating key grain attributes, with models achieving high levels of accuracy (R²val between 0.77 and 0.88). The study concludes that the selection of genotypes adapted to current environmental conditions is better for the compounds of quality, and the use of predictive technologies (spectroradiometry) can help reduce turnaround times and simplify the analysis of wheat grain quality.
The objective of this thesis was to evaluate how water deficit affects grain quality in different genotypes of spring bread wheat, considering parameters such as thousand-kernel weight, test weight and grain moisture. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted at the INIA-Santa Rosa Experimental Station, Chillán, Chile, during the 2024–2025 season, in which nine wheat genotypes were selected, and two irrigation treatments were applied (with and without supplemental irrigation). Direct methods were used to analyze grain quality and to generate predictive models based on spectroradiometry. The results indicated that genotypic effects significantly influenced most of the traits evaluated, and that some genotypes showed greater drought tolerance in terms of biomass, yield, and grain quality. Furthermore, spectroradiometry technologies proved useful for rapidly and non-destructively estimating key grain attributes, with models achieving high levels of accuracy (R²val between 0.77 and 0.88). The study concludes that the selection of genotypes adapted to current environmental conditions is better for the compounds of quality, and the use of predictive technologies (spectroradiometry) can help reduce turnaround times and simplify the analysis of wheat grain quality.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Trigo - Chile - Calidad, Trigo - Rendimiento, Déficit hídrico